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Hint
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Answer
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Everything physically in front of the camera during shooting
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Profilmic
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The fictional world of the film
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Diegesis
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Organisation of visual elements inside the frame
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Profilmic
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All techniques related to camera work
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Cinematography
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Assembly of shots to create rhythm, meaning, and narrative flow
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Editing
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Editing technique that creates the illusion of uninterrupted, coherent time and space
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Continuity editing
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Mistakes in visual or narrative consistency between shots
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Continuity errors
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Intentional omission of parts of the story
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Ellipsis
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Scenes showing earlier or future events in the narrative timeline
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Flashback
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Meaning created by the juxtaposition of two shots
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Montage effect
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A single continuous recording between two cuts
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Shot
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A group of shots forming a meaningful narrative unit
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Sequence
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One long, uncut shot representing an entire scene
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Sequence shot
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A single attempt at filming a shot
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Take
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A shot that lasts a long time without cutting
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Long take
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Instant transition from one shot to the next
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Cut
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Back-and-forth framing of two characters during dialogue
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Shot / Reverse shot
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Cutting on a visual, thematic, or movement similarity
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Match cut
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Abrupt, discontinuous cut that disrupts time or space
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Jump cut
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Alternating shots between different places or actions happening simultaneously
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Cross-cutting
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A wide shot that introduces the setting
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Establishing shot
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Shot tightly framing a face or object
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Close-up
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The whole body + environment in the frame
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Wide shot
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All planes (foreground/background) are in sharp focus
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Deep focus
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Only one plane is sharp, the rest blurred
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Shallow focus
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Camera above the subject (makes them weaker)
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High angle
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Camera below the subject (gives power, threat)
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Low angle
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Tilted horizon suggesting imbalance/chaos
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Dutch angle
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Camera shows what a character sees
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POV shot
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Frame showing the back of one character, used in dialogue
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Over-the-shoulder shot
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Relation between spectator knowledge and character knowledge (internal, zero, external)
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Focalization
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The way the film tells the story (objective, subjective, restricted, omniscient)
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Narration
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Relationship between camera vision and character vision (subjective vs objective)
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Ocularization
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Relationship between what characters hear and what spectators hear
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Auricularization
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Invisible editing that smoothly “stitches” shots together and positions the viewer
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Suture
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Visible break of continuity (jump cuts, direct address)
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Rupture
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Techniques that prevent viewer immersion and encourage critical distance
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Brechtian effect
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One event shown through contradictory viewpoints
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Rashomon effect
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Omitting information a character should have noticed
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Paralipsis
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Use of images/objects to convey deeper meanings
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Symbolism
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Mix of the comic and the horrific; exaggeration, distortion
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Grotesque
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Sound existing inside the film’s world
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Diegetic
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Diegetic sound coming from outside the frame
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Off-screen sound
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External sound (music score, narrator)
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Non-diegetic sound
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Narrator speaking over the visual track
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Voice-over
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Sound continuing across a cut
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Sound bridge
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The way sound modifies our interpretation of images
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Audio-vision
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