The spread of an idea from one key person or node of authority/power to other people/places with less power and influence.
A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination.
The belief that one’s own culture or ethnic group is superior to others; judging other groups through the lens of one’s own culture.
A regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling.
When an innovation spreads but is changed by the people who adapt it.
A language that is no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world.
A type of religious movement characterized by strict conformity to a religious text.
Culture found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
The belief that environmental conditions may impact culture in some ways, but people are the primary architects of culture.
Speaking only one language.
A language that results from the mixing of the colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people they colonized.
The coexistence of several cultures in one society, with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of practice.
Visible, tangible aspects of culture such as architecture, clothing, books, instruments, etc.
A type of diffusion where an innovation or idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there, while also spreading outwards.
Favoring those born in a country over immigrants.
Religions that attempt to appeal to all people, everywhere in the world, not just those of one culture or location.
When members of a culture become less like other group members over time.
The belief that the physical environment actively shapes culture.
A simplified form of language that adopts the grammar and vocabulary of a lingua franca to allow speakers of two different languages to communicate.
The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another, while still maintaining elements of their own culture.
Identity of a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland.
A language designated by a country as the one used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects.
Someone who embarks on a mission to spread their religion to new people and places.
Relatively small, ethnically homogenous enclaves situated within a larger and more diverse cultural context.
A language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family.
A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history.
A religion that primarily appeals to one group of people living in a particular place.
A restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom.
The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.
Invisible, intangible culture such as values, beliefs, behaviors, and norms.
A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary.
The place where an idea or innovation originates from.
The process by which an innovation or idea spreads from one place to another over time.
A group of related languages derived from Vulgar Latin (Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian).
Belief that inanimate objects or natural events have spirits and a conscious life.
The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a place.
The emotions someone attaches to an area based on their experiences.
The principle that an individual human’s beliefs and actions should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.
The spread of businesses, products, people and ideas around the world.
Speaking more than one language.
When people of one group are dispersed to various locations but still maintain their heritage in their new land.
Forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state and pull the population apart.
Belief that there is only one God.
When traits from two distinct cultures fuse to form a new cultural trait.
The reduction of the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communication and transportation technologies.
The process of absorbing one cultural group into another until that group can no longer be distinguished from the dominant culture.
The idea that the interaction between two places decreases as the distance between them increases.
Word usage boundaries, determined by data collected directly from people.
The belief that nothing can be known about whether or not God exists.
Diffusion where one person spreads an idea or innovation to multiple people and then those people spread it to multiple people until it uniformly affects all individuals and areas outward from the source.
Culture that is traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas.
The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.
All of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects.
The belief that God does not exist.
Belief that there is more than one God.
When two cultures become more similar the more that they interact.
The spread of an idea or innovation through the physical movement of people who migrate and take their ideas and innovations with them.
The structures within the physical landscape caused by human activities.
A language of international communication.
Forces or attitudes that bring people together and enhance support for the state.
Acculturation
Agnosticism
Animism
Assimilation
Atheism
Centrifugal Force
Centripetal Force
Charter Group
Contagious Diffusion
Creole
Cultural Convergence
Cultural Divergence
Cultural Landscape
Cultural Relativism
Culture
Custom
Dialect
Diaspora
Diffusion
Distance Decay
Environmental Determinism
Ethnic Enclave
Ethnic Religion
Ethnicity
Ethnocentrism
Expansion Diffusion
Extinct Language
Folk Culture
Fundamentalism
Globalization
Hearth
Hierarchical Diffusion
Isogloss
Isolated Language
Language Family
Language Group
Lingua Franca
Material Culture
Missionary
Monolingual
Monotheism
Multiculturalism
Multilingual
Nativism
Non-Material Culture
Official Language
Pidgin Language
Polytheism
Popular Culture
Possibilism
Relocation Diffusion
Romance Languages
Sect
Sense of Place
Sequent Occupance
Stimulus Diffusion
Syncretism
Taboo
Time-Space Compression
Universalizing Religion
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