20th Century Former Capitals

Have you kept track of how capitals have changed and will change over time? Only one way to find out! Examples of former capitals would include: Capitals of a dissolved country/entity, a capital moving, military occupation changing a government's location temporarily, etc.

Includes a section of 21st century former capitals

Former nations have the National Flags included for fun! (If it's blank, it's just the modern day flag/no flag)

If a capital is in the same country with the same name today, it isn't counted. This may account for time gaps you see.

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Last updated: December 4, 2025

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First submitted	December 4, 2025
Times taken	8
Average score	43.3%
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Time Period	Country	Modern Day Country	Former Capital
1727-1912	Alaouite Dynasty	Morocco	Fez
1949-1951	Emirate of Cyrenaica	Libya	Benghazi
1963-1969	Kingdom of Libya		Al Bayda
1918-1922	Tripolitania Republic		ʽAziziya
1975-1976; 1979-2002	PDR of Angola	Angola	Jamba
c. 1700-1903	Bailundo		Bailundo
1975-1976	Republic of Cabinda		Cabinda
1886-1908; 1908-1926	Congo Free State; Belgian Congo	DR Congo	Boma
1964-1965	PR Congo		Stanleyville
1960-1963	State of Katanga		Élisabethville
1483-1915	Kingdom of Kongo	Angola	São Salvador
c. 1500-1917	Mbunda Kingdom	Angola	Lumbala N'guimbo
1960-1962	South Kasai	DR Congo	Bakwanga
1856-1964	Sultanate of Zanzibar	Tanzania	Zanzibar City
1964-1964	PR Zanzibar		Zanzibar City
1961-1964	Tanganyika		Dar es Salaam
1964-1996	Tanzania		Dar es Salaam
1894-1962	Protectorate of Uganda	Uganda	Entebbe
1893-1907	British Central Africa Protectorate	Malawi	Zomba
1907-1953	Nyasaland Protectorate	Malawi
1964-1975	Malawi
1899-1911	North-Eastern Rhodesia	Zambia	Fort Jameson
1899-1907	North-Western Rhodesia		Kalomo
1907-1911	North-Western Rhodesia		Livingstone
1911-1935	Northern Rhodesia		Livingstone
1893-1900	Ivory Coast (France)	Ivory Coast	Grand-Bassam
1900-1933			Bingerville
1933-1983			Abidjan
1879-1941	Portuguese Guinea	Guinea-Bissau	Bolama
1973-1974	Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau	Boe
1914-1960	Colonial Nigeria	Nigeria	Lagos
1960-1991	Federation of Nigeria		Lagos
1043-1911	Kingdom of Nri		Igbo-Ukwu
1917-1920	Alash Autonomy	Kazakhstan	Semey
1936-1991	Kazakh SSR	Kazakhstan	Alma-ata
1785-1920	Emirate of Bukhara	Uzbekistan	Bukhara
1920-1924	Bukharan SSR		Bukhara
1511-1920	Khanate of Khiva		Khiva
1925-1930	Uzbek SSR		Samarkand
1991-1993	Kazakhstan		Alma-ata
1993-1998	Kazakhstan		Almaty
1991-1991	Islamic Emirate of Kunar	Afghanistan	Asadabad
1918-1920	White Movement	Russia	Omsk
1928-1937; 1945-1949	Republic of China	China	Nanjing
1937-1945	Republic of China		Chongqing
1931-1934	Chinese Soviet Republic		Ruijin
1948-1972	North Korea	South Korea	Seoul
1800-1945	Dutch East Indies	Indonesia	Batavia
1948-1949	Indonesia (Dutch Occupation)	Indonesia	Bukittinggi
1946-1948; 1948-1949	Indonesia		Yogyakarta
1949-1975	Kingdom of Laos	Laos	Luang Prabang
1949-1975	Kingdom of Laos		Vientiane
1713-1946	Champasak Kingdom		Champasak
1885-1989	Burma	Myanmar	Rangoon
1943-1945	Second Philippine Republic	Philippines	Manila
1934-1941	Commonwealth of the Philippines
1764-1901	Spanish East Indies
1946-1976	Philippines		Baguio
1948-1976	Philippines		Quezon City
1802-1945; 1945-1945	Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty); Empire of Vietnam	Vietnam	Phú Xuân
1874-1955	Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty)		Huế
1887-1901	French Indochina		Saigon
1902-1953	French Indochina	Vietnam	Hanoi
1949-1955; 1954-1975	State of Vietnam; South Vietnam		Saigon
1954-1976	North Vietnam		Hanoi
1962-1971	Pakistan (legislative)	Bangladesh	Dacca
1971-1972	Provisional Government of Bangladesh	Bangladesh	Mujibnagar
1772-1911	British Raj	India	Calcutta
1911-1931			Delhi
1931-1947			New Delhi
fl. 1850 1947	British Raj (Summer Capital)		Simla
1524-1947	Kingdom of Mysore	India	Mysore
1795-1947	Kingdom of Travancore		Trivandrum
1769-1948	Hyderabad State		Hyderabad
1947-1959	Pakistan		Karachi

Time Period	Country	Modern Day Country	Former Capital
1959-1967	Pakistan		Rawalpindi
1815-1948	Ceylon State	Sri Lanka	Colombo
1948-1972	Dominion of Ceylon	Sri Lanka
1972-1982	Sri Lanka
1948-1948	State of Israel	Israel	Tel Aviv
1932-1970	Imamate of Oman	Oman	Salalah
1967-1990	South Yemen	Yemen	Aden
1920-1921	Republic of Mountainous Armenia	Armenia	Goris
1918-1918	Azerbaijan Democratic Republic	Azerbaijan	Ganja
1918-1993	Czechoslovakia	Czech Republic	Prague
1944-1945	Polish Committee of National Liberation	Poland	Lublin
1945-1947	Polish People's Republic	Poland	Łódź
1731-1914	Russian Empire	Russia	Saint Petersburg
1914-1918	Russian Empire		Petrograd
1922-1991	Soviet Union		Moscow
1918-1918	Ukrainian Soviet Republic		Taganrog
1917-1920	Ukrainian People's Republic	Ukraine	Kiev
1918-1918	West Ukrainian People's Republic		Lviv
1918-1919			Ternopil
1919-1919			Stanislaviv
1919-1934	Ukrainian SSR	Ukraine	Kharkiv
1938-1938	Carpathian Ukraine		Uzhhorod
1938-1939	Carpathian Ukraine		Khust
1918-1918	Republic of Finland	Finland	Vaasa
1922-1940	Republic of Lithuania	Lithuania	Kaunas
1905-1925	Norway		Christiania
1943-1945	Italian Social Republic	Italy	Salò
1871-1946	Kingdom of Italy		Rome
1947-1954	Free Territory of Trieste		Trieste
1912-1914	Independent Albania	Albania	Vlorë
1914-1920	Principality of Albania	Albania	Durrës
1920-1924	Free State of Fiume	Croatia	Fiume
1898-1913	Cretan State	Greece	Chania
1859-1916	Romanian United Principalities	Romania	Bucharest
1916-1918	Kingdom of Romania	Romania	Iași
1453-1923	Ottoman Empire	Turkey	Istanbul
1852-1910	Principality of Montenegro	Montenegro	Cetinje
1910-1918	Kingdom of Montenegro	Montenegro	Cetinje
1918-1945	Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Serbia	Belgrade
1945-1992	Yugoslavia	Serbia	Belgrade
1936-1937	Second Spanish Republic	Spain	Valencia
1937-1939	Second Spanish Republic	Spain	Barcelona
1867-1918	Austro-Hungarian Empire	Austria	Vienna
1816-1919	Neutral Moresnet	Belgium	Kelmis
1940-1944	State of France	France	Vichy
1300s-1918	Kingdom of Bavaria	Germany	Munich
1815-1918	Duchy of Brunswick		Braunschweig
1871-1918	German Empire		Berlin
1919-1933	Weimar Republic	Germany
1933-1945	Nazi Germany
1945-1945	Nazi Germany		Flensburg
1949-1990	West Germany		Bonn
1949-1990	East Germany		East Berlin
1567-1918	Grand Duchy of Hesse	Germany	Darmstadt
1180-1918	Duchy of Oldenburg		Oldenburg
1485-1918	Kingdom of Saxony		Dresden
1643-1918	Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe	Germany	Bückeburg
c. 1300-1918	Kingdom of Württemberg	Germany	Stuttgart
1638-1970	British Honduras	Belize	Belize City
c. 1852-1901	Chan Santa Cruz	Mexico	Chan Santa Cruz
1855-1949	Dominion of Newfoundland	Canada	St. John's
1942-1944	Commonwealth of the Philippines	Philippines	Washington D.C.
1958-1962	West Indies Federation	Trinidad and Tobago	Port of Spain
1540-1937	Republic of Honduras	Honduras	Comayagua
fl. 1908-1927	Australia		Melbourne
1885-1978	Marshall Islands District	Marshall Islands	Jabor
1986-1989	F.S. Micronesia		Kolonia
1896-1942	British Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	Tulagi
1899-1900	Republic of Acre	Brazil	Cidade do Acre
1763-1960	Brazil		Rio de Janeiro
21st Century
1962-2018	Burundi		Bujumbura
1989-2005	Myanmar		Yangon
1992-2006	State Union of Serbia and Montenegro		Belgrade
1994-2006	Palau		Koror