BUSINESS UNIT 3

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adam09
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Last updated: April 27, 2026
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First submittedApril 27, 2026
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What is online banking
Use of internet to carry out banking transactions
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What is a non-current asset
Assets that stay in the business for over a year. Either tangible (machines, vehicles, buildings) or intangible (trademarks, brand name, goodwill.)
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What is the FOS
Government organisation in the UK that backs customers in disputes with financial service providers and only gets involved when the issue cannot be resolved
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Contribution per Unit formula
Selling Price - Variable Costs per Unit
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What is an accrual
When you pay for something after the period of which it relates
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What is a loan
Money borrowed from a financial institution used to purchase a large item with fixed monthly repayments
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Advantage of HC insurance
Protects from theft and damage, protection inside and outside
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Advantages of pensions
Tax free, regular income after retirement, employers can add to pensions
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What are payday loans
Short term finance used to bridge the gap between wages, very high interest and small amounts of cash available, offers emergency cash
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What is SLD
An asset is depreciated by a set amount per year.
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Working Capital formula
Current Assets - Current Liabilities
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What is an overdraft
An agreed amount that can be taken out of a bank account without facing penalties
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What is a payday loan
Small, very high interest loan used to bridge the gap between wages
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Advantages of direct debit
Easy way to make regular payments like utility bills, quick and easy to set up, amount paid can vary to ensure the payment matches the amount required by the vendor
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ROCE formula
(Net Profit/Capital Employed) x100
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Advantage of car insurance
Protection from theft and damage, meets legal requirements
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What is the OFT
Regulates all financial markets, supports healthy competition and fair practices
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Define breakeven
How many units a business must sell to fully covers their costs. When they don't make a profit or a loss
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What is electronic transfer
Payment transferred directly from one bank account to another.
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What is revenue expenditure
Money spent on day-to-day running costs
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Advantage of mortgages
Can buy a house even if you do not have enough savings, you build equity in the property with each payment
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What is net profit
Profit left over after expenses and tax is deducted from gross profit
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What is mobile banking
Ability to carry out financial transactions using mobile devices like phones/tablets.
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Disadvantage of premium bonds
Higher initial investment required to purchase premium bonds, no guaranteed return, may not win big so prizes are smaller than normal accounts
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What is the ROCE
ROCE looks at the percentage return of profit on capital employed. So, for every £1 invested into the business, what percentage of that is being generated as profit. So, if I invest £6.70 into a business and I have a ROCE of 67% then £4.49 of that is being made as profit. If I invest £1 into the business and get a ROCE of 99% then 99p of that is being made as profit.
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What are pensions
Pensions are a way of saving for retirement, where money is set aside during your working life and invested so it grows to financial support when you eventually retire
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What is RBD
An asset is depreciated by a set percentage of its remaining value per year. A senior accountant sets this value and is stated in financial reports. The amount of money the asset reduces by decreases as it gets older per year.
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Disadvantage of direct debit
If the payer makes a mistake and takes too much it is the payees’ responsibility to get back their money, the payer also determines the amount.
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Markup formula
(Gross Profit/ Cost of Sales) x100
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What is a SOCI
Calculates whether the firm has made a profit or a loss by deducting all expenses from sales revenue. Shows the trading position of the business, which is used to calculate gross profit, it then considers all other expenses to calculate the profit or loss for the year. It records sales, costs and profit.
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Net Current Assets
Money available from current assets-current liabilities. Used for day-to-day expenditure. Short term and internal. Benefits: encourages effective cash flow management, no interest payments. Drawbacks: Puts pressure on cash flow, may negatively affect supplier relationships if terms are tightened.
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Venture Capital
Investment from a firm or an experienced individual in exchange for an ownership stake, usually for high growth potential businesses. Long term and external. Benefits: It can bring in new skills, expertise and opportunities not just money. No interest payments as its equity finance. Drawbacks: Involves giving up a share of ownership and therefore control, investors expect a high return and so may influence management decisions and put pressure on the owner/creator
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What is a charge card
Issued by financial institutions allowing customers to delay payments for goods/services for a short period of time, the balance must be paid off in full when the statement is issued
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Net Assets formula
(Current Assets + Non - Current Assets) + (Current Liabilities + Non - Current Liabilities)
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Define interest received
Earned on positive bank balances or loaning to companies/individuals
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Why is cash flow forecasting so important
Cash is the life of the business. Cash flow forecasts make advanced warnings of cash shortages, ensures the business can afford to pay suppliers/employees, spots issues with customer payments, reassures investors, for control.
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Define mortgages
Large loans used to buy large assets usually property like houses, lasts a long time and secured against the asset
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Name some CA
inventory, trade receivables, prepayments, cash in the bank, cash in hand.
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What is a credit card
A card used to purchase items with borrowed money, paid back over time with interest
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What is the FCA
Regulates financial service providers in the UK
sanrimhe po,sss einttsoleet,ts ytdkeoc mrdf hra isdmeni rt byecnor aaedb uc
Disadvantage of store cards
Can only be used in that store, risk of debt, missed payments harm credit score
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Disadvantage of shares
Don't have a lot of control, could lose capital, no guarantee, shares are not free, shares fluctuate, market is volatile
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Disadvantage of an overdraft
High interest rates, risk of debt, could be denied the overdraft
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Formula for reducing balance depreciation
Value of asset x depreciation percentage
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What is TRD
Number of days an invoice remains unpaid, creating potential cash flow issues.
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Disadvantage of car insurance
Extra expense, premiums can be expensive, premiums may be more depending on your age and experience which is something you cannot control
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Advantages of cheques
Low risk form of payment as the cheque can only be cashed by the named payee, widely accepted for face to face and postal transactions, there is no need to provide change as it can be written for an exact amount
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What is a basic account
Accounts designed for people with low credit ratings, very basic, no borrowing, no perks, limited features, some don't even provide debit cards.
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What is a hire purchase
Method of buying an expensive tangible asset where the business pays for it in instalments over a set period, with ownership being transferred after final payment
oe cspe seeseyoiiepe,epwd txoeoragoklgaud 'yb n ip hrne xm ,inntso tnnettyum sstvv wufean hoer tocsmroihnxu niplo i raonen,epc-
Disadvantage of Health insurance
Premiums can be expensive, doesn't cover pre-known conditions, extra expense, paying for something that you hope you will not use
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