BUSINESS UNIT 3

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adam09
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Last updated: April 27, 2026
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esto/oncisn
What is cash
Notes/coins
r k lv ssoiorbr nsotds uccsarhianofls,ma r oncnu an n n hg knstrse ucso taaauofa vnca ukrooipaitlsc nryl dledc esa,sdfsdcdeeeicadneenn t btic,oeeucwagcseottottthrprd
What is a student account
Accounts for students with lots of perks like railcards, large overdrafts, discounts, cashback on purchases and can be converted into a normal account once studying ends
passorn loe ceehmarb srwn, toral,esad t,ta,is'geegsnu
Name 5 capital incomes, in order of:
L, D, OC, S, M.
Loans, Debentures, Owner's Capital, Shares, Mortgages
ger/0v puosr xf(ert1)i es0on
GPM formula
(Gross Profit/Revenue) x 100
mauwadri tiynsenylef imtao/es gdo f csielnap cicubda eorndcntatsl tor soisisluosst gosysrvein
What is a credit card
Cards issued by financial institutions allowing customers to delay payments for goods/ services
raagr am tenhtnhretl ee ecmaehrbenodl e innyaanhnwntsitw.ne g eco rtasonordnifiotl dscc atue
What is a contactless card
Cards containing antennae allowing money to be transferred when the card touches the terminal.
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Advantages of BACS
Faster payments allow almost instant transfers that are guaranteed within 2 hours, can be accessed in several ways including in a branch over the telephone and online, no telephone costs.
eine dacttoadca iwapaewt eof lsam annnes gaebiy fts tgoeett tos aie rhi.tpntidtpotfe ecnsp shl t oi fn, sscoliniiotsuash het litm uivut n fhpi t eaa rm alminhfodoiiep enutlcini i hno oaytpo
What is capital employed
Second half of statement of financial position is how everything is financed, how the capital employed is put together. It is the total amount of capital tied up in a business at a point in time
s uhl ena twefreryo poilnw fn nveentdr aywseoi ua tpkalyisc,s snen wf fo iorwmoenneoueo a asggnh rodyoesiatmnpuirtiao igdrtvrveirradlensegtrr un iyeseteitse i i
What are pensions
Pensions are a way of saving for retirement, where money is set aside during your working life and invested so it grows to financial support when you eventually retire
aa taeeaeu tu toaoekh lge ntibsdntc tnwn t omf uohfan ctngnpaaa b ec rcaikoutina
What is an overdraft
An agreed amount that can be taken out of a bank account without facing penalties
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Donations
Money given voluntarily to a charity or social enterprise, not expected to be repaid. Short or long and external. No repayment or interest, good for community relations. Drawbacks: Unreliable source of finance, amount raised is often small and for specific causes not for general business operations.
sn a oce aswoadlcvt i esunpireunvl lh iiso vemiateitbnssdei gnstit sr oebeaomr lics ounogkhoiedsfstiehtnpe untsn nraertvwve edvyorhtcaeianteg dkn rnhcn
What is the FOS
Government organisation in the UK that backs customers in disputes with financial service providers and only gets involved when the issue cannot be resolved
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What is BACS
System that allows the transfer of payments directly from one bank account to another. Used for regular and low-cost transactions with efficiency.
oefaivcscrabantono wearesyiayrta t n owbieorsel ysl,he tnes ,t pnoecw smnrc otly goi s
Advantage of Standard accounts
Easy to access cash, convenient way to pay bills, low interest rates for borrowing money
tndpru slrtncorvateic fiucarco earee eu
What is NBV
Current value after depreciation occurs
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Owner's Capital
Personal money invested by the owner into the business. Long term and internal. Benefits: Quick and convenient, no interest or repayment needed, owner keeps control. Drawbacks: Amount available may be limited, high risk for the owner, may be needed for personal use.
lta utv i re,lbt anllhistiovhistp ee laient dsw ei ravson erdpeu x vlec eevuepbs ouh aetsotnriesc ecvenetnetox tn a ohrnhrbp it nstsebcvde
Advantage of Pet Insurance
Vet bills are expensive and there could be no alternative than to put the pet down but this insurance covers this, covers expensive vet bills
n giilntgntsns r b sfm trdf,f at etltd acineeeldbrthoniakknalyea. laieoitiom ienl ooi ent buoenfo alfusre
Disadvantage of mobile banking
Features are still limited, and so mobile banking does not offer all the functionality of internet banking.
.e fllustas ra eslte b elt c u lryiis ttother anntct peoevutaoe auesv iieeheakaatfastif nnihrtgl ohtao
What are net assets
Figure that represents the total value of all assets after you have taken the liabilities into account.
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Invoice Discounting
Borrowing money using the accounts receivable as collateral for a loan (different to debt factoring as the business retains responsibility for collection). Short term and external. Benefits: Immediate cash flow covers cash flow gaps, confidential as customers do not know the business is using it. Drawbacks: Reduces profits due to fees and interest charged by the lender, business is still responsible for collecting the debt.
eduenwb innisrofn uhagepru wd oas clewenrlddvpn oo i tad vshsiansaosw,ovtreteogeiih csoarny etlaycyil nnmpola c siiamhoan e,ue aweiiwo tnpetrne ty seet s erd
Advantages of D&S
Interest is earned on positive balances, you can deposit and withdraw money whenever you want, some need regular deposits which will force you into a savings plan
5 eovac )tasl tyfs/ongv6eern(ra xe o3is
Inventory turnover formula
(Average Inventory/ Cost of Sales) x 365
aoni tiittnnyriud chtennahdaeey eo adrmivwwg l eo o wwtsathud pcn oleisndsavlw
What is a D&S account
Accounts allowing individuals to deposit and withdraw money whenever they want
esiss dc ev dlgee od ootrdfratopfrtotffies tducolo
What is gross profit
Profit left over after cost of goods sold is deducted
tioes bisctr/in sglnesseenntu
Define rent received
Renting to businesses/clients
sosm rb hvtrteh no f udiwcshfelstaayoawo lh edact apnncho
What do businesses that are VAT registered have to do
Pay VAT to HMRC and should be shown in the cash flow forecast
stsnprns tsbnat 3abemadtni nbn elite eindnaetum iirnoa aogtttamftofrraf e ,tcs noi tayburet :r s aerasmc ith s aonhreostuehfarcss rtri aeslehynyl kefn e aep escfeeeotec hr ddfnyc wl k ne yayasahnrt.la o cha an omtmbtos h ta tvo ad
Disadvantage of BACS
: Faster payment is not offered by all banks or branches and the customers may therefore have to default to BACS which can take 3 days to transfer payments, a limit is set on the amount that can be transferred in any single transaction.
nts ih so eienlos bieedtvasmpoatipttek b ranec,uy i w mntroeoidre af
Define loans
Money lent to a business, paid back over a period of time with interest
ig c eentrsstaof akvens aeenirvil eurrdihicpul
What is the FCA
Regulates financial service providers in the UK
mt nsnvsef or,rntpv i edao i ka yoeariootmd sbbce,srr ce,de
Disadvantage of Basic accounts
No overdraft, sometimes no debit card, very basic, no perks
egeu silesafusnmae ecr crt vioddornhu itbg b yilewonie f,yoorksdntr cuenr
Define discount received
Discounts are offered when buying early or in bulk, reducing costs over time
ee mlnibyi aot nuopa en sernrst-sesncnn tgnrtsoo
What is capital expenditure
Money spent on non-current assets or intangibles
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Venture Capital
Investment from a firm or an experienced individual in exchange for an ownership stake, usually for high growth potential businesses. Long term and external. Benefits: It can bring in new skills, expertise and opportunities not just money. No interest payments as its equity finance. Drawbacks: Involves giving up a share of ownership and therefore control, investors expect a high return and so may influence management decisions and put pressure on the owner/creator
aipl mytr0iletx/tfa1(noo0pee p c)d
ROCE formula
(Net Profit/Capital Employed) x100
m e arseiatum ieeoprsat co akni-xtmu eposicnhiett,tapk rissnseoriovrgmprfrforns gmt
What are insurance companies
Profit-making organisations that protect customers from risk, premiums are expensive
on slo /oiotg mtae ee atngsmhpucslltt rfiv perbc neitsde auiosec nsehffearrsroasrtseee
Define commission received
Selling products from other businesses to earn a percentage of sales of that item/service
liast srgaonntnrsgihact lnatiaetotmg tnrra,ruec h,ylaw we,ise dc wn abotgtat ,ec iepin,senepgvn t,dihedadnr,kaay,nas,da,lesnseiorriut,rien tri i ,m,a,inkigor ee
Name all revenue expenditure in this order:
Inv, Ren, Rat, Hea, Lig, Wat, Insu, Adm, Sal, Wag, Mar, Int pai, Dep, Ban Char, Dis Allo,
Inventory, Rent, Rates, Heating, Lighting, Water, Insurance, Administration, Salary, Wages, Marketing, Interest paid, Depreciation, Bank Charges, Discount Allowed
tractftc lng pbidtre enm oerosehelgrxiasvmctnih etn ageoin
What is HMRC
British government department in charge of collecting taxes
-s rratuiutrslbi casnteesi rteeicln
Working Capital formula
Current Assets - Current Liabilities
a tstshnaesis lnnsasiwstnelien. ywo hbs t tsf choheugo iwuta abcwsnuhr nb a a boet lta ecitegwa
What does a SOFP do
Calculates the net worth of a business by balancing what the business owns against what it owes.
sp-tn fpaxsoe-t oxs r gsreie
Net Profit formula
Gross Profit - Expenses - Tax
opaop cooono nni t fdm e tfarigd lnonw erdsitsfseeatevbedwhhnse aeeb
What are debt counsellors
Professionals who offer independent advice on how best to manage debt
e blfioesn o taofr gaeobltchhmnnec
Opening balance formula
Closing balance of the month before
los,ntas etbfi rdar a tfi rsbmyk efug,wilsoey esrnrmh reaeadeuvr odoorhst,t
Disadvantages of payday loans
Very high interest rates, small amounts borrowed, easy for fraud, risk of debt
ecleltgdrsctt,stplefteeei etasbo cnasssae,ds tn,, ennrie,oo ss,rara ev isedh srm sarrr ate
Name inflows in order of:
Ca S, Cr S, A S, I, G, L, R R, Receipts from trade....
Cash sales, asset sales, interest, grants, loans, rent received, receipts from trade debtors
te(nl ttar- ceanbl(i euc i+ e snrli+r+oc ur) ruitnsbst sati nctesienrilsioestanun sr)r-e
Net Assets formula
(Current Assets + Non - Current Assets) + (Current Liabilities + Non - Current Liabilities)
apc ,ni hy nsr tvmaneantc d aet ilcnmedos eaaneea se cntbdyodeueu
Advantages of mobile banking
Convenient ads can be used at any place and any time, secure method
/oe yrtdtnoyscasnmto tonuseis ats eu ds rigt ibalsoacsnvcyf.eailemerespso drui i
What is a store card
Issued by a retail institution so customers can delay payments for goods/services.
oc inlcneptinenpt -avrsyho+v(nsingnrugye io eo r)s
Cost of goods sold formula
(Opening Inventory + Purchases) - Closing Inventory
fheamnp amop kocrnsco mtontum nadtif a’okitefme o ro yoa a a nbioto saenuut eeatcr eyr cnp oerwfoncr noatoascrt tne
What are cheques
A written order to a bank to make a payment for a specific amount of money from one person’s account to another account
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