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GI Phys Revision
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Last updated: October 29, 2024
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| First submitted | October 29, 2024 |
| Times taken | 16 |
| Average score | 85.0% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1. What effect does gastrin have in the stomach?
Inhibits acid secretion
Increases pepsinogen release
Decreases mucous production
Stimulates gastric motility
2. Emulsification of fats occurs in the:
Pancreas
Stomach
Mouth
Small intestine
3. Which of the following statements about the pyloric sphincter is true?
It prevents the backflow of bile into the stomach
It is not involved in gastric motility
It allows continuous flow of chyme into the duodenum
It regulates the release of small amounts of chyme
4. Which hormone is known to inhibit gastric secretions?
CCK
Gastrin
Histamine
Acetylcholine
5. What enzyme is activated from pepsinogen in the stomach?
Pepsin
Chymotrypsin
Trypsin
Carboxypeptidase
6. What allows oligopeptides to be absorbed across the enterocyte intact?
Endocytosis
Transcytosis
Active transport
Simple diffusion
7. Which factor does NOT affect glucose absorption?
Water intake
Type of starch
Food processing
Fiber content
8. What physiological changes occur during vomiting?
Decreased abdominal pressure
Relaxation of both oesophageal sphincters
Increased thoracic pressure
Contraction of the soft palate
9. Stretch receptors in the rectum are responsible for:
Promoting gastric emptying
Stimulating peristalsis in the small intestine
Increasing bile secretion
Relaxing the inner sphincter and contracting the outer sphincter
10. The secretion of HCO3- from duct cells of the pancreas is stimulated by:
Decreased duodenal pH
Distention of the stomach
Increased gastric acid
Fatty acids in the stomach
11. What initiates the migrating myoelectric complex during fasting?
Secretin
CCK
Motilin
Gastrin
12. Acid secretion in the stomach is primarily stimulated by which neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
13. Which part of the intestine is primarily responsible for digestion?
Duodenum
Colon
Ileum
Jejunum
14. What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
Stores and concentrates bile
Produces bile
Absorbs nutrients
Secretes pancreatic enzymes
15. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Nutrient absorption
Enzyme secretion
Protein digestion
Water and ion reabsorption
16. What enzyme is secreted by the parotid gland to begin starch digestion?
Pancreatic amylase
Salivary amylase
Lactase
Lingual lipase
17. What type of enzyme is pepsin?
Lipase
Endopeptidase
Amylase
Exopeptidase
18. What is the function of bile salts?
Activate pepsinogen
Emulsify lipids
Digestion of carbohydrates
Absorb amino acids
19. What happens to gastrin production during the intestinal phase?
It fluctuates
It increases
It decreases
It remains unchanged
20. What triggers the cephalic phase of digestion?
Mechanical breakdown of food
CNS responses to smell, taste, and thought
Hormonal signals from the stomach
Stretching of the stomach walls
21. Intrinsic factor is crucial for the absorption of which vitamin?
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
22. What transports amino acids into enterocytes?
H+ Cotransporter
Na+ Cotransporter
Facilitated diffusion
Both A and B
23. Which component of pancreatic secretions digests fats?
Pancreatic amylase
Trypsin
Bicarbonate
Pancreatic lipase
24. Soluble fiber can make the gastrointestinal tract:
Alkaline
Viscous
Hydrophobic
Acidic
25. The medullary central trigger zone is primarily involved in:
Peristalsis
Gastric acid secretion
Salivation
Vomiting
26. What does the ileo-caecal sphincter prevent?
Bile reflux into the ileum
Gastric reflux into the duodenum
Pancreatic juices entering the ileum
Colonic flora reflux into the ileum
27. Which enzyme converts trypsinogen to trypsin?
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Pepsin
Enterokinase
28. What is the primary function of lingual lipase found in saliva?
Begins the digestion of fats
Enhances flavour perception
Increases pH levels
Initiates carbohydrate digestion
29. Which of the following substances is secreted into the bloodstream by G cells?
Pepsinogen
Gastrin
Mucous
HCl
30. The motility of the large intestine is regulated by:
Enzymatic actions
Neural reflexes and intrinsic mechanisms
External muscle contractions
Hormonal signals only
31. Which reflex involves the distension of one section of the colon relaxing another?
Recto-anal reflex
Gastro-colonic reflex
Duodeno-colonic reflex
Colono-colonic reflex
32. What is the primary effect of secretin on pancreatic secretions?
Increases enzyme release
Increases gastric acid secretion
Promotes bicarbonate release
Stimulates bile release
33. Hormone-sensitive lipase is activated by:
Insulin
Glucagon and epinephrine
Growth hormone
Cortisol
34. Which enzyme is secreted by the pancreas for fat digestion?
Gastric lipase
Salivary amylase
Lingual lipase
Pancreatic lipase
35. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver regarding amino acids?
Deamination
Storage of excess amino acids
Conversion to glucose
Direct absorption into the bloodstream
36. During the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing, which structure blocks aspiration of the bolus?
Epiglottis
Soft palate
37. What is a function of fiber in the diet?
It directly raises blood glucose levels
It increases gastric emptying
It adds bulk to stool
It is digested and absorbed for energy
38. Which cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Mucous cells
G cells
39. CCK is primarily released in response to:
Proteins
Sugars
Carbohydrates
Lipids and carbohydrates
40. Which transporter is responsible for glucose and galactose absorption?
GLUT2
Fructose transporter
SGLT
GLUT4
41. Which hormones are released during the intestinal phase to inhibit stomach activity?
Gastrin, secretin, and GIP
Insulin, glucagon, and CCK
Secretin, CCK, and GIP
VIP, gastrin, and secretin
42. After absorption, amino acids can be converted into all of the following EXCEPT:
Lipoproteins
Creatine
Insulin
Glucose
43. What happens to triglycerides after they are absorbed into enterocytes?
They are immediately used for energy
They are excreted in the stool
They are stored in the stomach
They are converted into chylomicrons
44. Which nerve primarily stimulates gastric secretions through ACh?
Hypoglossal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Vagus nerve
45. The relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) occurs during:
The oral phase of swallowing
The vomiting reflex
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing
The gastric phase of digestion
46. What happens to the rectum during the process of defecation?
It is normally empty
It remains constantly full
It contracts continuously
It stores bile
47. What enzyme converts chylomicrons into fatty acids in the cell?
Pancreatic lipase
Lipoprotein lipase
Gastric lipase
Hormone-sensitive lipase
48. Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
Pancreas
Small intestine
Stomach
Mouth
49. Which hormone promotes triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue?
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Glucagon
Insulin
50. What role does bicarbonate (HCO3-) play in the stomach?
Decreases pH
Stimulates gastric motility
Protects the mucosa by increasing pH
Inhibits pepsinogen activation
51. Chewing primarily serves to:
Initiate gastric secretion
Stimulate salivation
Form a bolus from food
Activate the swallowing reflex
52. Glycemic index measures:
The speed and height of blood glucose rise
The total caloric content of food
The total carbohydrate content in food
The amount of fiber in food
53. Which cranial nerves are involved in salivation?
IX, X, XI
I, II, III
III, IV, V
V, VII, IX, X
54. What type of carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides at the brush border?
All of the above
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
55. What is the basic electrical rhythm (BER) in the stomach?
An increase in pH levels
A hormonal signal from the pancreas
A rapid, high-frequency wave
An electrical current regulating motility
56. Where does protein digestion begin?
Stomach
Mouth
Small intestine
Duodenum
57. The swallowing reflex involves which of the following actions?
Closure of the vocal cords
Relaxation of the soft palate
Contraction of the lower Oesophageal sphincter
Increased respiratory rate
58. Which monosaccharide is absorbed via facilitated diffusion?
Fructose
Sucrose
Galactose
Glucose
59. What is the primary effect of deep inspiration during vomiting?
Decreases abdominal pressure
Facilitates the expulsion of gastric contents
Increases thoracic pressure
Closes the nasopharynx
60. Chylomicrons travel through the lymphatic system to:
The heart
The liver
The stomach
The thoracic duct
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