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GI Phys Revision
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Last updated: October 29, 2024
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| First submitted | October 29, 2024 |
| Times taken | 16 |
| Average score | 85.0% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1. What effect does gastrin have in the stomach?
Stimulates gastric motility
Decreases mucous production
Increases pepsinogen release
Inhibits acid secretion
2. Emulsification of fats occurs in the:
Mouth
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine
3. Which of the following statements about the pyloric sphincter is true?
It regulates the release of small amounts of chyme
It allows continuous flow of chyme into the duodenum
It is not involved in gastric motility
It prevents the backflow of bile into the stomach
4. Which hormone is known to inhibit gastric secretions?
Histamine
Acetylcholine
Gastrin
CCK
5. What enzyme is activated from pepsinogen in the stomach?
Trypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Pepsin
Chymotrypsin
6. What allows oligopeptides to be absorbed across the enterocyte intact?
Simple diffusion
Active transport
Transcytosis
Endocytosis
7. Which factor does NOT affect glucose absorption?
Type of starch
Water intake
Food processing
Fiber content
8. What physiological changes occur during vomiting?
Contraction of the soft palate
Increased thoracic pressure
Relaxation of both oesophageal sphincters
Decreased abdominal pressure
9. Stretch receptors in the rectum are responsible for:
Promoting gastric emptying
Increasing bile secretion
Stimulating peristalsis in the small intestine
Relaxing the inner sphincter and contracting the outer sphincter
10. The secretion of HCO3- from duct cells of the pancreas is stimulated by:
Fatty acids in the stomach
Increased gastric acid
Distention of the stomach
Decreased duodenal pH
11. What initiates the migrating myoelectric complex during fasting?
Secretin
CCK
Gastrin
Motilin
12. Acid secretion in the stomach is primarily stimulated by which neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
13. Which part of the intestine is primarily responsible for digestion?
Colon
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
14. What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
Absorbs nutrients
Produces bile
Secretes pancreatic enzymes
Stores and concentrates bile
15. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Enzyme secretion
Protein digestion
Water and ion reabsorption
Nutrient absorption
16. What enzyme is secreted by the parotid gland to begin starch digestion?
Lingual lipase
Lactase
Salivary amylase
Pancreatic amylase
17. What type of enzyme is pepsin?
Lipase
Amylase
Endopeptidase
Exopeptidase
18. What is the function of bile salts?
Activate pepsinogen
Emulsify lipids
Digestion of carbohydrates
Absorb amino acids
19. What happens to gastrin production during the intestinal phase?
It decreases
It fluctuates
It increases
It remains unchanged
20. What triggers the cephalic phase of digestion?
Stretching of the stomach walls
Mechanical breakdown of food
CNS responses to smell, taste, and thought
Hormonal signals from the stomach
21. Intrinsic factor is crucial for the absorption of which vitamin?
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
22. What transports amino acids into enterocytes?
Both A and B
H+ Cotransporter
Facilitated diffusion
Na+ Cotransporter
23. Which component of pancreatic secretions digests fats?
Trypsin
Pancreatic amylase
Pancreatic lipase
Bicarbonate
24. Soluble fiber can make the gastrointestinal tract:
Alkaline
Hydrophobic
Acidic
Viscous
25. The medullary central trigger zone is primarily involved in:
Salivation
Peristalsis
Vomiting
Gastric acid secretion
26. What does the ileo-caecal sphincter prevent?
Pancreatic juices entering the ileum
Bile reflux into the ileum
Gastric reflux into the duodenum
Colonic flora reflux into the ileum
27. Which enzyme converts trypsinogen to trypsin?
Carboxypeptidase
Chymotrypsin
Enterokinase
Pepsin
28. What is the primary function of lingual lipase found in saliva?
Begins the digestion of fats
Increases pH levels
Initiates carbohydrate digestion
Enhances flavour perception
29. Which of the following substances is secreted into the bloodstream by G cells?
HCl
Gastrin
Mucous
Pepsinogen
30. The motility of the large intestine is regulated by:
Neural reflexes and intrinsic mechanisms
Enzymatic actions
External muscle contractions
Hormonal signals only
31. Which reflex involves the distension of one section of the colon relaxing another?
Colono-colonic reflex
Duodeno-colonic reflex
Gastro-colonic reflex
Recto-anal reflex
32. What is the primary effect of secretin on pancreatic secretions?
Increases gastric acid secretion
Increases enzyme release
Promotes bicarbonate release
Stimulates bile release
33. Hormone-sensitive lipase is activated by:
Growth hormone
Cortisol
Glucagon and epinephrine
Insulin
34. Which enzyme is secreted by the pancreas for fat digestion?
Gastric lipase
Pancreatic lipase
Salivary amylase
Lingual lipase
35. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver regarding amino acids?
Deamination
Direct absorption into the bloodstream
Storage of excess amino acids
Conversion to glucose
36. During the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing, which structure blocks aspiration of the bolus?
Epiglottis
Soft palate
37. What is a function of fiber in the diet?
It increases gastric emptying
It is digested and absorbed for energy
It directly raises blood glucose levels
It adds bulk to stool
38. Which cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
Parietal cells
G cells
Mucous cells
Chief cells
39. CCK is primarily released in response to:
Sugars
Lipids and carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Proteins
40. Which transporter is responsible for glucose and galactose absorption?
GLUT4
SGLT
Fructose transporter
GLUT2
41. Which hormones are released during the intestinal phase to inhibit stomach activity?
Secretin, CCK, and GIP
Insulin, glucagon, and CCK
Gastrin, secretin, and GIP
VIP, gastrin, and secretin
42. After absorption, amino acids can be converted into all of the following EXCEPT:
Insulin
Creatine
Lipoproteins
Glucose
43. What happens to triglycerides after they are absorbed into enterocytes?
They are excreted in the stool
They are immediately used for energy
They are stored in the stomach
They are converted into chylomicrons
44. Which nerve primarily stimulates gastric secretions through ACh?
Vagus nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Trigeminal nerve
45. The relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) occurs during:
The oral phase of swallowing
The vomiting reflex
The gastric phase of digestion
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing
46. What happens to the rectum during the process of defecation?
It remains constantly full
It stores bile
It contracts continuously
It is normally empty
47. What enzyme converts chylomicrons into fatty acids in the cell?
Lipoprotein lipase
Pancreatic lipase
Hormone-sensitive lipase
Gastric lipase
48. Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
Pancreas
Stomach
Small intestine
Mouth
49. Which hormone promotes triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue?
Insulin
Glucagon
Cortisol
Epinephrine
50. What role does bicarbonate (HCO3-) play in the stomach?
Decreases pH
Protects the mucosa by increasing pH
Stimulates gastric motility
Inhibits pepsinogen activation
51. Chewing primarily serves to:
Initiate gastric secretion
Stimulate salivation
Activate the swallowing reflex
Form a bolus from food
52. Glycemic index measures:
The total carbohydrate content in food
The total caloric content of food
The amount of fiber in food
The speed and height of blood glucose rise
53. Which cranial nerves are involved in salivation?
I, II, III
IX, X, XI
III, IV, V
V, VII, IX, X
54. What type of carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides at the brush border?
Oligosaccharides
All of the above
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
55. What is the basic electrical rhythm (BER) in the stomach?
A hormonal signal from the pancreas
An electrical current regulating motility
A rapid, high-frequency wave
An increase in pH levels
56. Where does protein digestion begin?
Small intestine
Stomach
Duodenum
Mouth
57. The swallowing reflex involves which of the following actions?
Relaxation of the soft palate
Increased respiratory rate
Closure of the vocal cords
Contraction of the lower Oesophageal sphincter
58. Which monosaccharide is absorbed via facilitated diffusion?
Fructose
Galactose
Sucrose
Glucose
59. What is the primary effect of deep inspiration during vomiting?
Decreases abdominal pressure
Increases thoracic pressure
Closes the nasopharynx
Facilitates the expulsion of gastric contents
60. Chylomicrons travel through the lymphatic system to:
The liver
The stomach
The heart
The thoracic duct
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