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GI Phys Revision
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Last updated: October 29, 2024
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| First submitted | October 29, 2024 |
| Times taken | 16 |
| Average score | 85.0% | Report this quiz | Report |
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1. What effect does gastrin have in the stomach?
Increases pepsinogen release
Inhibits acid secretion
Stimulates gastric motility
Decreases mucous production
2. Emulsification of fats occurs in the:
Stomach
Mouth
Pancreas
Small intestine
3. Which of the following statements about the pyloric sphincter is true?
It prevents the backflow of bile into the stomach
It regulates the release of small amounts of chyme
It is not involved in gastric motility
It allows continuous flow of chyme into the duodenum
4. Which hormone is known to inhibit gastric secretions?
Histamine
CCK
Gastrin
Acetylcholine
5. What enzyme is activated from pepsinogen in the stomach?
Pepsin
Carboxypeptidase
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
6. What allows oligopeptides to be absorbed across the enterocyte intact?
Active transport
Endocytosis
Simple diffusion
Transcytosis
7. Which factor does NOT affect glucose absorption?
Type of starch
Fiber content
Food processing
Water intake
8. What physiological changes occur during vomiting?
Increased thoracic pressure
Contraction of the soft palate
Decreased abdominal pressure
Relaxation of both oesophageal sphincters
9. Stretch receptors in the rectum are responsible for:
Promoting gastric emptying
Increasing bile secretion
Relaxing the inner sphincter and contracting the outer sphincter
Stimulating peristalsis in the small intestine
10. The secretion of HCO3- from duct cells of the pancreas is stimulated by:
Decreased duodenal pH
Fatty acids in the stomach
Distention of the stomach
Increased gastric acid
11. What initiates the migrating myoelectric complex during fasting?
Motilin
Gastrin
CCK
Secretin
12. Acid secretion in the stomach is primarily stimulated by which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
13. Which part of the intestine is primarily responsible for digestion?
Colon
Duodenum
Ileum
Jejunum
14. What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
Stores and concentrates bile
Secretes pancreatic enzymes
Absorbs nutrients
Produces bile
15. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Protein digestion
Water and ion reabsorption
Nutrient absorption
Enzyme secretion
16. What enzyme is secreted by the parotid gland to begin starch digestion?
Lingual lipase
Pancreatic amylase
Salivary amylase
Lactase
17. What type of enzyme is pepsin?
Exopeptidase
Endopeptidase
Amylase
Lipase
18. What is the function of bile salts?
Activate pepsinogen
Emulsify lipids
Digestion of carbohydrates
Absorb amino acids
19. What happens to gastrin production during the intestinal phase?
It fluctuates
It remains unchanged
It increases
It decreases
20. What triggers the cephalic phase of digestion?
Mechanical breakdown of food
CNS responses to smell, taste, and thought
Hormonal signals from the stomach
Stretching of the stomach walls
21. Intrinsic factor is crucial for the absorption of which vitamin?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
22. What transports amino acids into enterocytes?
Facilitated diffusion
Both A and B
H+ Cotransporter
Na+ Cotransporter
23. Which component of pancreatic secretions digests fats?
Trypsin
Bicarbonate
Pancreatic amylase
Pancreatic lipase
24. Soluble fiber can make the gastrointestinal tract:
Acidic
Viscous
Hydrophobic
Alkaline
25. The medullary central trigger zone is primarily involved in:
Vomiting
Peristalsis
Salivation
Gastric acid secretion
26. What does the ileo-caecal sphincter prevent?
Pancreatic juices entering the ileum
Gastric reflux into the duodenum
Bile reflux into the ileum
Colonic flora reflux into the ileum
27. Which enzyme converts trypsinogen to trypsin?
Carboxypeptidase
Chymotrypsin
Enterokinase
Pepsin
28. What is the primary function of lingual lipase found in saliva?
Begins the digestion of fats
Enhances flavour perception
Initiates carbohydrate digestion
Increases pH levels
29. Which of the following substances is secreted into the bloodstream by G cells?
Gastrin
Mucous
Pepsinogen
HCl
30. The motility of the large intestine is regulated by:
Hormonal signals only
Enzymatic actions
Neural reflexes and intrinsic mechanisms
External muscle contractions
31. Which reflex involves the distension of one section of the colon relaxing another?
Duodeno-colonic reflex
Recto-anal reflex
Gastro-colonic reflex
Colono-colonic reflex
32. What is the primary effect of secretin on pancreatic secretions?
Stimulates bile release
Promotes bicarbonate release
Increases enzyme release
Increases gastric acid secretion
33. Hormone-sensitive lipase is activated by:
Insulin
Cortisol
Growth hormone
Glucagon and epinephrine
34. Which enzyme is secreted by the pancreas for fat digestion?
Salivary amylase
Pancreatic lipase
Lingual lipase
Gastric lipase
35. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver regarding amino acids?
Storage of excess amino acids
Deamination
Direct absorption into the bloodstream
Conversion to glucose
36. During the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing, which structure blocks aspiration of the bolus?
Epiglottis
Soft palate
37. What is a function of fiber in the diet?
It adds bulk to stool
It directly raises blood glucose levels
It is digested and absorbed for energy
It increases gastric emptying
38. Which cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
Parietal cells
Chief cells
G cells
Mucous cells
39. CCK is primarily released in response to:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Sugars
Lipids and carbohydrates
40. Which transporter is responsible for glucose and galactose absorption?
Fructose transporter
GLUT2
SGLT
GLUT4
41. Which hormones are released during the intestinal phase to inhibit stomach activity?
VIP, gastrin, and secretin
Insulin, glucagon, and CCK
Gastrin, secretin, and GIP
Secretin, CCK, and GIP
42. After absorption, amino acids can be converted into all of the following EXCEPT:
Glucose
Lipoproteins
Creatine
Insulin
43. What happens to triglycerides after they are absorbed into enterocytes?
They are converted into chylomicrons
They are stored in the stomach
They are immediately used for energy
They are excreted in the stool
44. Which nerve primarily stimulates gastric secretions through ACh?
Trigeminal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
45. The relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) occurs during:
The vomiting reflex
The gastric phase of digestion
The oral phase of swallowing
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing
46. What happens to the rectum during the process of defecation?
It stores bile
It is normally empty
It contracts continuously
It remains constantly full
47. What enzyme converts chylomicrons into fatty acids in the cell?
Hormone-sensitive lipase
Pancreatic lipase
Gastric lipase
Lipoprotein lipase
48. Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
Small intestine
Pancreas
Mouth
Stomach
49. Which hormone promotes triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue?
Insulin
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Glucagon
50. What role does bicarbonate (HCO3-) play in the stomach?
Protects the mucosa by increasing pH
Inhibits pepsinogen activation
Stimulates gastric motility
Decreases pH
51. Chewing primarily serves to:
Initiate gastric secretion
Form a bolus from food
Activate the swallowing reflex
Stimulate salivation
52. Glycemic index measures:
The amount of fiber in food
The speed and height of blood glucose rise
The total caloric content of food
The total carbohydrate content in food
53. Which cranial nerves are involved in salivation?
V, VII, IX, X
IX, X, XI
III, IV, V
I, II, III
54. What type of carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides at the brush border?
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Oligosaccharides
All of the above
55. What is the basic electrical rhythm (BER) in the stomach?
An increase in pH levels
A hormonal signal from the pancreas
An electrical current regulating motility
A rapid, high-frequency wave
56. Where does protein digestion begin?
Mouth
Duodenum
Small intestine
Stomach
57. The swallowing reflex involves which of the following actions?
Increased respiratory rate
Relaxation of the soft palate
Closure of the vocal cords
Contraction of the lower Oesophageal sphincter
58. Which monosaccharide is absorbed via facilitated diffusion?
Fructose
Galactose
Sucrose
Glucose
59. What is the primary effect of deep inspiration during vomiting?
Increases thoracic pressure
Facilitates the expulsion of gastric contents
Closes the nasopharynx
Decreases abdominal pressure
60. Chylomicrons travel through the lymphatic system to:
The thoracic duct
The liver
The stomach
The heart
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