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Renal Phys Revision - Statistics
General Stats
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This quiz has been taken 18 times
13 since last reset
- The average score is 13 of 50
Answer Stats
| Question | Answer | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
| What is the main buffering system in the urine? | Phosphate buffering | 75%
|
| Where is bicarbonate primarily reabsorbed in the nephron? | Proximal convoluted tubule | 75%
|
| What is the primary driver for the secretion of potassium by principal cells? | Aldosterone | 50%
|
| What occurs during the synthesis of bicarbonate in the distal convoluted tubule? | Carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate | 50%
|
| How does increased blood protein concentration affect GFR? | Decreases GFR | 50%
|
| Which condition is associated with a high anion gap metabolic acidosis? | Diabetic ketoacidosis | 50%
|
| What is the term used for the fluid that passes through the glomerular filtration barrier? | Glomerular filtrate | 50%
|
| What primarily drives the movement of fluid across the glomerular filtration barrier? | Hydrostatic pressure | 50%
|
| What happens to GFR when there is an obstruction in urine removal? | It decreases due to decreased hydrostatic pressure | 50%
|
| What characterizes respiratory acidosis? | Low pH, high pCO2 | 50%
|
| What characterizes metabolic acidosis? | Low pH, low HCO3- | 50%
|
| What is the glomerular filtration barrier composed of? | Podocytes, basement membrane, fenestrated endothelium | 50%
|
| What is the primary renal response to respiratory acidosis? | Reabsorb bicarbonate and excrete hydrogen ions | 50%
|
| What is the primary function of the afferent arterioles? | To bring blood into the glomerulus | 50%
|
| What percentage of sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule? | 67% | 25%
|
| What type of transport occurs in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle? | Active transport via Na+/K+/2A-� cotransporters | 25%
|
| What hormone regulates sodium secretion in the collecting ducts? | Aldosterone | 25%
|
| What mechanism is activated when systemic blood pressure changes? | All of the above | 25%
|
| Which hormone is not released in response to low blood pressure? | ANP | 25%
|
| What is the role of natriuretic peptides (ANP/BNP) in renal physiology? | Cause vasodilation of afferent arterioles and constriction of efferent arterioles | 25%
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| What is the effect of natriuretic peptides on sodium reabsorption? | Decreases sodium reabsorption | 25%
|
| In metabolic alkalosis, which of the following is a common cause? | Excessive vomiting | 25%
|
| Which component of the glomerular filtration barrier prevents red blood cells from passing through? | Fenestrated endothelium | 25%
|
| What causes respiratory alkalosis? | Hyperventilation leading to decreased pCO2 | 25%
|
| In response to a decrease in pH, what renal adjustment occurs? | Increased ammonia production | 25%
|
| What happens during hyperkalemia? | Increased cardiac excitability | 25%
|
| What compensatory response occurs in metabolic acidosis? | Increased ventilation, leading to decreased pCO2 | 25%
|
| Which of the following factors moves potassium into cells? | Insulin | 25%
|
| What is the role of carbonic acid (H2CO3) in acid-base balance? | It buffers excess hydrogen ions | 25%
|
| What is the effect of epinephrine on renal blood flow? | It decreases renal blood flow | 25%
|
| What happens to pCO2 during metabolic alkalosis? | It increases | 25%
|
| Which of the following correctly describes the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation? | pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) | 25%
|
| What is the primary function of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump in the PCT? | Pump sodium into the interstitium | 25%
|
| In the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle, what is primarily reabsorbed? | Water | 25%
|
| What percentage of sodium is reabsorbed in the early distal convoluted tubule? | 5% | 0%
|
| Which of the following is secreted into the tubular fluid in the PCT? | Ammonia | 0%
|
| Which limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water? | Both B and C | 0%
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| How does the body primarily remove fixed acids? | By the kidneys | 0%
|
| What do osmoreceptors primarily respond to? | Changes in plasma osmolarity | 0%
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| Which of the following conditions can cause respiratory acidosis? | COPD | 0%
|
| What is the effect of the thick ascending limb on tubular fluid volume? | Decreases fluid volume | 0%
|
| Which factor contributes to an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? | Efferent arteriole constriction | 0%
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| Which of the following conditions would decrease GFR? | Increased proteins in blood | 0%
|
| What is the effect of ADH on the collecting duct? | Increases water reabsorption | 0%
|
| How does angiotensin II affect renal blood flow? | It causes vasoconstriction of both afferent and efferent arterioles | 0%
|
| What happens to potassium in the late DCT? | It is secreted | 0%
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| Which mechanism is responsible for the contraction of afferent arterioles in response to high blood pressure? | Myogenic mechanism | 0%
|
| Which transporter is primarily responsible for sodium reabsorption in the early DCT? | Na-Cl cotransporter | 0%
|
| How does sodium primarily enter cells in the PCT? | Sodium-glucose cotransporter | 0%
|
| Which substance is primarily reabsorbed via passive diffusion along with water in the PCT? | Urea | 0%
|
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