|
91.205 VFR Day
|
Stipulations
|
|
Altimeter
|
-
|
|
Tachometer
|
for each engine
|
|
Oil Pressure
|
for each engine
|
|
Manifold Pressure
|
for each altitude engine
|
|
Airspeed
|
-
|
|
Temperature Gauge
|
for each liquid cooled engine
|
|
Oil Temperature Gauge
|
for each air cooled engine
|
|
Fuel Gauges
|
for each tank
|
|
Landing Gear Position Indicator
|
if retractable
|
|
Anti Collision Lights
|
after 1996
|
|
Magnetic Direction
|
-
|
|
ELT
|
-
|
|
Seatbelts
|
for each occupant 2 years and older
|
|
VFR Night
|
91.205
|
|
Fuses
|
1 set or 3 of each kind
|
|
Landing Light
|
aircraft operated for hire
|
|
Anti Collision Lights
|
after 1971
|
|
Position Lights
|
-
|
|
Source of Power
|
-
|
|
Required Documents in Plane
|
91.203
|
|
Airworthiness
|
must be visible
|
|
Registration
|
valid for 7 years
|
|
Radio Station License
|
international flights
|
|
Operating Limitations
|
aircraft specific
|
|
Weight and Balance Data
|
aircraft specific
|
|
Supplemental
|
-
|
|
Maintenance Requirements
|
91.409 91.171 91.411 91.413 91.207
|
|
Airworthiness Directives
|
once, recurring, or emergency
|
|
Annual
|
every 12 cm
|
|
VOR
|
every 30 days (for IFR)
|
|
100 hour
|
for hire
|
|
Altimeter
|
every 24 cm (for IFR)
|
|
Transponder
|
every 24 cm
|
|
ELT
|
every 12 cm (battery replaced after 1 hour or 50%)
|
|
|
Hypoxia
|
|
Hypoxic
|
|
Hypemic
|
|
Histotoxic
|
|
Stagnant
|
|
Go Around
|
|
Cram
|
|
Climb
|
|
Clean
|
|
Cool
|
|
Call
|
|
91.103 Preflight Actions
|
|
NOTAMs
|
|
Weather
|
|
Known ATC Delays
|
|
Runway Lengths
|
|
Alternatives
|
|
Fuel Requirements
|
|
Takeoff and Landing Distances
|
|
Engine Specs
|
|
Lycomming
|
|
4 stroke
|
|
4 cylinder
|
|
Horizontally Opposed
|
|
Air Cooled
|
|
Naturally Aspirated
|
|
Direct Drive
|
|
15nm / Inbound
|
|
Weather
|
|
Instruments
|
|
Radios
|
|
Environment
|
|
Downwind / IAF
|
|
Boost Pump on
|
|
Gas fullest tank
|
|
Undercarriage fixed
|
|
Mixture rich
|
|
Power set
|
|
Seatbelts secured
|
|
FAF
|
|
Time
|
|
Gear
|
|
Power
|
|
Tower
|
|
Lights
|
|
Lights
|
|
Flaps
|
|
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Spin Recovery
|
|
Rudder opposite
|
|
full forward
|
|
ailerons neutral
|
|
throttle idle
|
|
rudder neutral
|
|
smooth back pressure
|
|
Engine fire on startup
|
|
start switch continue cranking
|
|
mixture idle
|
|
throttle full
|
|
fuel pump off
|
|
fuel selector off
|
|
evacuate
|
|
extinguish
|
|
Engine Failure on Takeoff
|
|
Sufficient Runway:
|
|
safe airspeed
|
|
land straight ahead
|
|
brakes as needed
|
|
Insufficient Runway:
|
|
safe airspeed
|
|
flaps as needed
|
|
shallow turns
|
|
Sufficient Altitude
|
|
airspeed 76
|
|
fuel selector switch tanks
|
|
fuel pump on
|
|
mixture rich
|
|
alt air open
|
|
land power off
|
|
mayday
|
|
secure
|
|
Engine Fire during Flight
|
|
fuel selector off
|
|
throttle idle
|
|
mixture idle
|
|
fuel pump off
|
|
heat defrost off
|
|
emergency descent
|
|
Electrical Fire
|
|
E battery arm
|
|
battery off
|
|
alternator off
|
|
vents open
|
|
heat defrost off
|
|
extinguish
|
|
emergency descent
|
|
Emergency Descent
|
|
throttle idle
|
|
flaps as needed
|
|
no flaps 125
|
|
flaps 102
|
|
bank 45
|
|
Engine Failure in Flight
|
|
airspeed 76
|
|
locate landing area
|
|
fuel selector switch tanks
|
|
fuel pump on
|
|
mixture rich
|
|
alt air open
|
|
left mag off then on
|
|
right mag off then on
|
|
mayday
|
|
secure
|
|
|
Categories of Aircraft (in respect to Airmen)
|
|
Airplane
|
|
Rotorcraft
|
|
Glider
|
|
Lighter Than Air
|
|
Class of Aircraft (in respect to Airmen)
|
|
Single Engine Land
|
|
Multi Engine Land
|
|
Single Engine Sea
|
|
Multi Engine Sea
|
|
Categories of Aircraft (with respect to certification of aircraft)
|
|
Transport
|
|
Normal
|
|
Utility
|
|
Acrobatic
|
|
Limited
|
|
Restricted
|
|
Provisional
|
|
Classes of Aircraft (with respect to certification of aircraft)
|
|
Airplane
|
|
Rotorcraft
|
|
Glider
|
|
Balloon
|
|
|
ATC Light Gun Signals
|
Ground
|
|
Steady Green
|
Cleared for Takeoff
|
|
Flashing Green
|
Cleared for Taxi
|
|
Steady Red
|
STOP
|
|
Flashing Red
|
Taxi clear of runway in use
|
|
Flashing White
|
Return to starting point on airport
|
|
Alternating Red and Green
|
Exercise Extreme Caution
|
|
ATC Light Gun Signals
|
Air
|
|
Steady Green
|
Cleared to Land
|
|
Flashing Green
|
Return for landing
|
|
Steady Red
|
Give way to other aircraft and continue circling
|
|
Flashing Red
|
Airport unsafe, do not land
|
|
Flashing White
|
Not Applicable
|
|
Alternating Red and Green
|
Exercise extreme caution
|
|
|
|
|
AIRSPACE
|
Class A
|
|
Visibility
|
Not Applicable
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
Not Applicable
|
|
|
Class B
|
|
Visibility
|
3 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
clear of clouds
|
|
|
Class C
|
|
Visibility
|
3 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
|
|
|
Class D
|
|
Visibility
|
3 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
|
|
Class E
|
<10,000 MSL
|
|
Visibility
|
3 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
|
|
Class E
|
>=10,000
|
|
Visibility
|
5 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
1000 above 1000 below 1 sm horizontal
|
|
Class G (DAY)
|
<=1200 AGL
|
|
Visibility
|
1 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
clear of clouds
|
|
Glass G (NIGHT)
|
<=1200
|
|
Visibility
|
3 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
|
|
Class G (DAY)
|
>1200 AGL, <10,000 MSL
|
|
Visibility
|
1 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
|
|
Class G (NIGHT)
|
>1200, <10,000
|
|
Visibility
|
3 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
1000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
|
|
Class G (D/N)
|
>1200 AGL and 10,000 MSL
|
|
Visibility
|
5 sm
|
|
Cloud Clearance
|
1000 above 1000 below 1 sm horizontal
|
|
|
|
|
Special Use Airspace
|
Other Airspace
|
|
warning area
|
Military Training Route
|
|
controlled firing area
|
Parachute jump
|
|
restricted area
|
Special Flight Rules Area
|
|
alert area
|
Temporary Flight Restriction
|
|
military operations area
|
Terminal Radar Service Area
|
|
prohibited area
|
VFR Route
|
|
national security area
|
Weather Reconnaissance Area
|
|
|
Piper Archer Specs
|
Answer
|
|
takeoff power (bhp)
|
180
|
|
takeoff power engine speed (rpm)
|
2700
|
|
fuel capacity (gal)
|
50
|
|
usable fuel (gal)
|
48
|
|
fuel (minimum octane)
|
100 Green
|
|
OR
|
100LL Blue
|
|
oil capacity (qt)
|
8
|
|
maximum ramp weight (normal) (lbs)
|
2558
|
|
maximum takeoff weight (normal) (lbs)
|
2550
|
|
maximum landing weight (normal) (lbs)
|
2550
|
|
maximum weight in baggage compartment (normal) (lbs)
|
200
|
|
Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity (kts)
|
17
|
|
Max Oil Temperature (F)
|
245
|
|
Min Oil Pressure (PSI)
|
25
|
|
Max Oil Pressure (PSI)
|
115
|
|
Alternator Minimum (A)
|
70
|
|
Emergency Battery Minimum (V)
|
23.3
|
|
Positive Load Factor Maximum (normal) (G)
|
3.8
|
|
Negative Load Factor Maximum (normal)(G)
|
-1.5
|
|
maximum ramp weight (utility) (lbs)
|
2138
|
|
maximum takeoff weight (utility) (lbs)
|
2130
|
|
maximum weight in baggage compartment (utility) (lbs)
|
0
|
|
Positive Load Factor Maximum (utility) (G)
|
4.4
|
|
Negative Load Factor Maximum (utility) (G)
|
-1.7
|
|
V Speeds
|
|
|
Vs0
|
45
|
|
Vs1
|
50
|
|
Vr (2)
|
55, 60
|
|
Vx
|
64
|
|
Vy
|
76
|
|
Vg
|
76
|
|
Va
|
98-113
|
|
Vfe
|
102
|
|
Vno
|
125
|
|
Vne
|
154
|
|
