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Explanation
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Law/principle
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The total charge remains constant over time.
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Conservation of Charge Principle
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The total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of its absolute (kelvin) temperature.
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Stefan's Law
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If body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts an equal and opposite force on body A.
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Newton's Third Law
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The sum of the anticlockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of the clockwise moments about that same point.
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Principle of Moments
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The vector sum of the moments of bodies in a system stays constant even if forces act between the bodies, provided there is no external resultant force.
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Conservation of Momentum Principle
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The wavelength of peak emission from a black body is inversely proportional to the absolute (kelvin) temperature.
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Wien's Law
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Tension in a spring or wire is proportional to its extension from its natural length if the extension isn't too large
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Hooke's Law
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The intensity of radiation from a star is inversely proportional to the distance from the star squared.
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Inverse Square Law
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Energy can't be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another.
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Conservation of Energy Principle
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The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on it and takes place in the direction of that force.
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Newton's Second Law
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When light moves from a less dense to a denser medium, it bends toward the normal line.
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Snell's Law
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If waves from two sources occupy the same region, then the total displacement at any one point is the vector sum of their individual displacements at that point.
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Principle of Superposition
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Sum of the potential differences across the components in a series circuit is equal ti the potential difference across the supply.
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Voltage Law
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Current from a source is equal to the sum of the currents in the separate branches of a parallel circuit.
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Current Law
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Energy can't be created or destroyed, only converted between forms like heat, work and internal energy.
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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A quantity decreases at a rate proportional to its current value, resulting in a consistent percentage reduction over time rather than a fixed amount.
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Exponential Law of Decay
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The direction of the current resulting from an induced emf is such as to oppose the change in flux linkage.
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Lenz's Law
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The upthrust experienced by an object is equal and opposite to the weight of the displaced fluid.
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Archimedes Principle
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The emf induced is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage.
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Faraday's Law
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The force between two point charges was proportional to the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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Coulomb's Law
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The force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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Newton's Law of Gravitation
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Each planet moves in an ellipse with the sun at one focus.
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Kepler's First Law of Thermodynamics
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The line joining a planet to the centre of the sun sweeps out equal areas in intervals of time.
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Kepler's Second Law of Thermodynamics
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The further away a galaxy is, the greater the redshift is.
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Hubble's Law
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Defines the direction of a force acting on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field, thumb is force/motion, forefinger is magnetic field and second finger is current.
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Fleming's Left Hand Rule
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