Biology AQA GCSE Triple Higher Paper 1 - Statistics

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Answer Stats

Hint	Answer	% Correct
Microscope that uses electrons to form an image in much higher magnification and resolution	Electron	95%
Microscope that uses light and lenses to magnify an image	Light	93%
Subcellular structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell	Cell membrane	59%
Subcellular structure that contains genetic material that controls cell activities	Nucleus	59%
Subcellular structure that is where photosynthesis occurs	Chloroplast	55%
Subcellular structure that contains enzymes to control reactions, and is where most of the cell's chemical reactions occur	Cytoplasm	55%
Subcellular structure that is where most reactions for aerobic respiration occur	Mitochondria	55%
Subcellular structure that is where protein synthesis occurs	Ribosome	55%
___stain is added to the tissue	Iodine	53%
Subcellular structure that in plants provides rigidity and shape	Cell wall	52%
These contain ___ to absorb light	Chlorophyll	48%
They have a lot of mitochondria to provide ___ needed	Energy	48%
The slide is clipped onto the ___	Stage	47%
___ are used to peel off some epidermal tissue from the onion	Tweezers	47%
You look through the ___	Eyepiece	45%
Made of ___	Cellulose	43%
Sperm cells have a ___ to help swim to ovum	Tail	40%
Cells that make up all animals and plants	Eukaryotic	38%
The objective lens with the ___ magnification is selected initially	Lowest	38%
In the lungs: air goes in through the ___	Trachea	36%
This splits into two ___	Bronchi	34%
These split into progressively smaller tubes: ___	Bronchioles	33%
End in air sacs called ___ where gas exchange occurs	Alveoli	31%
___ cells transport dissolved food through plants	Phloem	31%
Small rings of DNA	Plasmids	31%
The process by which a cell changes in order to become specialised at its job	Differentiation	29%
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration	Diffusion	29%
Movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration.	Osmosis	29%
Pathogens that produce toxins that affect the body and make you feel ill	Bacteria	28%
___ mesophyll contains big air spaces and has a large surface area to make diffusion of gases easier	Spongy	28%
Diseases caused by pathogens and transmitted form person to person.	Communicable	26%
They have ___ in the head to digest the egg cell membrane	Enzymes	26%
Cannot be transmitted.	Non communicable	26%
RP Culturing bacteria: Sterilise ___ dishes and nutrient agar.	Petri	26%
___cells make up a single-celled organism	Prokaryotic	26%
HIV/AIDS: starts with a mild, ___-like illness. Attacks immune cells.	Flu	24%
Xylem cells are ___ and form long, hollow tubes which allow water and minerals to move easily through the plant	Dead	22%
Spirals of ___ around them (a strong waterproof substance that supports the cell	Lignin	22%
The transport of dissolved sugars around a plant in the (above)	Translocation	22%
Pathogens that take over body cells and reproduce inside them, damaging/destroying them	Viruses	22%
Measure the mass of each cylinder using a ___	Balance	21%
Spread by exchange of ___ ___ like sperm and blood, no cure/vaccine	Bodily fluids	21%
___ mesophyll contains lots of chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis	Palisade	21%
Often secretes a substance that covers the surface of the leaf (___ ___)	Waxy cuticle	21%
Nerve cells have a long ___ to increase speed of electrical impulses	Axon	19%
Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that carry large numbers of genes	Chromosomes	19%
They have many ___ to form connections with other nerve cells	Dendrites	19%
To prevent food poisoning, keep ___ chicken away from cooked food, avoid washing uncooked chicken, wash hands and surfaces well after handling, cook throughly.	Raw	19%
Place each cylinder into a test tube. The first cylinder should have just 10 cm^3 water, and the other two should have 0.5mol and 0.25mol ___ solution.	Sugar	19%
Particles move up a concentration gradient.	Active transport	17%
Hides inside immune system for years after initial symptoms, until the system is so badly ___ it can no longer deal with infections or certain cancers - AIDS	Damaged	17%
Causes fever, red skin rash, blindness, brain damage, death.	Measles	17%
Subcellular structure that stores cell sap - a weak solution of salts and sugars	Permanent vacuole	17%
___ ___ are undifferentiated and can divide to produce more undifferentiated cells or differentiate into different cells depending on given instructions	Stem cells	17%
Stomach produces ___ which destroys the microorganisms in the mucus you swallow and most of the ones you ingest	Acid	16%
___ in the lungs have walls one cell thick, a moist lining for dissolving gases, an excellent blood supply and a large surface area	Alveoli	16%
Starch, proteins and fats are molecules too ___ to pass through walls of digestive system	Big	16%
The stomach is part of the ___ system, which breaks down and absorbs food	Digestive	16%
The ___ are seen as a potential human life	Embryos	16%
The size of these is controlled by ___ ___	Guard cells	16%
Water absorbed from undigested food in the ___ ___	Large intestine	16%
Disease caused by protists	Malaria	16%
Disease that disrupts balance of natural gut bacteria, causing fever, cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea	Salmonella	16%
Chemicals used inside bodies to kill bacteria	Antibiotics	14%
Drugs that work inside the body to kill bacterial cells without harming your own cells.	Antibiotics	14%
Vessels that carry blood away from heart at high pressure	Arteries	14%
Produced in liver and stored in gall bladder	Bile	14%
___ are the exchange surface in fish	Gills	14%
Convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. Made in the pancreas and small intestine.	Lipase	14%
___ is full of hair and produces mucus which traps particles which may contain pathogens or irritate lungs	Nose	14%
They also have no ___ = more room to carry oxygen.	Nucleus	14%
These organise themselves into ___	Organs	14%
A group of those forms an ___ ___ where multiple (above) work together to perform a particular function	Organ system	14%
Small fragments of cell that help blood clot.	Platelets	14%
___ seal cuts, preventing pathogens entering the body.	Platelets	14%
Convert proteins into amino acids. Made in stomach, pancreas and small intestine.	Protease	14%
Blood cells that carry oxygen from lungs to body cells.	Red blood cells	14%
Food is chewed by teeth and mixed with ___ for swallowing, and amylase is produced by salivary glands	Saliva	14%
Organ that covers body and acts as barrier, and produces antimicrobial secretions. Also covered with microorganisms that keep you healthy and act as an extra barrier against pathogens	Skin	14%
Similar cells are organised into these	Tissues	14%
Plant pathogen that causes distinctive mosaic discolouration on leaves as the virus destroys cells	Tobacco mosaic virus	14%
Have ___ to keep blood flowing in right direction.	Valves	14%
An organism that transmits a pathogen from one organism to another	Vector	14%
Vessels that carry blood back to heart at low pressure	Veins	14%
___ project from the small intestine to increase SA so digested food is absorbed more quickly into blood. Single layer of surface cells, very good blood supply	Villi	14%
RP ONION EPIDERMIS: ___ goes in the middle of a clean slide	Water	14%
___ containing oxygen enters the fish through the mouth and passes out through the (above)	Water	14%
Blood cells that defend against infection.	White blood cells	14%
___ respiration: glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water	Aerobic	12%
Breaks down starch into maltose and other sugars, such as dextrin. Made in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.	Amylase	12%
___ respiration: glucose -> lactic acid (not enough oxygen for the flucose to fully oxidise)	Anaerobic	12%
___ are specific for each type of pathogen, and bind the pathogens together and mark them for destruction	Antibodies	12%
Iodine turns from orange-brown to ___ ___ when starch is present	Blue black	12%
Vessels that carry blood very close to cells in body to exchange substances.	Capillaries	12%
___ ___ diffuses into air spaces within leaf	Carbon dioxide	12%
Enzymes are biological ___ that increase the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up	Catalysts	12%
In leaves: ___ tissue covers the leaf's surface and protects it.	Epidermal	12%
Material left is stored as ___ in the rectum then passed out through the anus	Faeces	12%
STD that causes thick yellow or green discharge and pain on urination	Gonorrhoea	12%
___ ___ open and close stomata to regulate gas exchange	Guard cells	12%
They contain ___.	Haemoglobin	12%
Or to make ___ producing cells for diabetics	Insulin	12%
Have walls that are strong, thick, and elastic and a small ___.	Lumen	12%
Have a bigger ___ to help blood flow despite low pressure.	Lumen	12%
___ ions are used to make chlorophyll	Magnesium	12%
___ is the addictive chemical that is why people enjoy smoking	Nicotine	12%
___ ions are needed to covert sugars made in photosynthesis into proteins	Nitrate	12%
___ ingest the pathogens through phagocytosis and destroy them so they don't make you ill	Phagocytes	12%
Carries everything in blood, eg. urea, other components of blood, nutrients, carbon dioxide, hormones, proteins, antibodies, antitoxins.	Plasma	12%
Help build and maintain cells, made up of amino acids	Proteins	12%
A deficiency in these will cause ___ growth and a crop won't be properly produced	Stunted	12%
Heart ___ carry a risk of rejection and the patient will have to take drugs for the rest of their life	Transplants	12%
Has ___ so blood flows in the right direction	Valves	12%
The ___ ___ on a leaf's surface acts as a barrier	Waxy cuticle	12%
Counteract toxins released by pathogens	Antitoxins	10%
Tumours contained in one place, usually within a membrane	Benign	10%
They have a ___ disc shape = large surface area for absorbing oxygen.	Biconcave	10%
If the food sample contains reducing sugar, solution turns from ___ to green, yellow or brick red	Blue	10%
Chlorophyll in the ___ absorb light	Chloroplasts	10%
System made up of heart, blood vessels and blood.	Circulatory	10%
As temperature rises, rate increases. But reaction is controlled by ___ which are denatured around 40-50C. If temp is too high, therefore, rate falls.	Enzymes	10%
When an enzyme connects to its substrate, it is called an ___ ___ ___	Enzyme substrate complex	10%
Causes brain damage, making it so soft and pulpy that structures are lost and it can no longer ___ properly	Function	10%
In plants: ___ is converted into cellulose, starch, or reacted with nitrate ions to make amino acids	Glucose	10%
Starch test: Transfer 2cm^3 of food sample to test tube, and add ___ solution.	Iodine	10%
Sometimes the body cannot get enough oxygen so the glucose is instead converted to ___ ___	Lactic acid	10%
The ___ ___ has a thicker wall because it pumps blood at a higher pressure and therefore needs more muscle to do so.	Left ventricle	10%
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> ___ (found in the cell membrane)	Lipid	10%
White blood cells known as ___ make antibodies but don't divide	Lymphocytes	10%
When your white blood cells have produced these once, they can be made very quickly if you encounter the same pathogen again - ___ cells.	Memory	10%
Used to grow, repair or replace damaged cells	Mitosis	10%
Fatty ___ ___ to insulate electrical impulses	Myelin sheath	10%
If starch is present, the colour of the solution will change from ___ ___ to blue-black.	Orange brown	10%
Drugs that treat symptoms, but do not cure disease.	Painkillers	10%
___ releases enzymes into small intestine, and smaller soluble food molecules are released into the bloodstream (from the SI)	Pancreas	10%
The endothermic reaction where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen	Photosynthesis	10%
Affects growth as affected areas don't ___	Photosynthesise	10%
These contract, forcing blood into ___ ___ (right side of heart, to lungs) and aorta (left side, to body) out of the heart.	Pulmonary artery	10%
Brighter light means a faster ___ of photosynthesis. If there's no light, it cannot happen	Rate	10%
Treated with antibiotics but is becoming ___ so harder to treat	Resistant	10%
The blood flows into the ___ ___ first.	Right atrium	10%
They have ___ ___ with holes allowing food to move from one cell to the next	Sieve plates	10%
Makes thought processes, reflexes and reactions ___ than normal. Can lead to unconsciousness/death	Slower	10%
When iodine solution does not change colour, ___ is no longer present: has all been broken down. Repeat with buffer solutions of varying pH to see how it affects time taken	Starch	10%
The ___ and bronchi also secrete mucus.	Trachea	10%
The evaporation and movement of water away from the plant's leaves from the inside of the plant	Transpiration	10%
Introducing dead/inactive pathogen to body to stimulate immune response	Vaccination	10%
It comes from the ___ ___ (from the body) and the pulmonary vein (from the lungs.)	Vena cava	10%
The atria contract, forcing blood into ____	Ventricles	10%
Water is brought to the leaf through the ___ and products are removed in the phloem	Xylem	10%
Where does the reaction actually occur on these?	Active site	9%
Fibres pull chromosomes and copies to opposite ends of cells.	Anaphase	9%
Device implanted into skin that has a wire going to heart. Produces current to keep heart beating regularly. ___ ___	Artificial pacemaker	9%
Add some ___ reagent using a pipette, and heat for 5 minutes	Benedict's	9%
Protein test: Transfer 2cm^3 of food sample to test tube, and add ___ reagent.	Biuret's	9%
Chemical therapy used to either stop the cancer cells dividing or make them self destruct	Chemotherapy	9%
The lining of these is covered in ___ which beat to waft the mucus up to the back of the throat where it's swallowed	Cilia	9%
They have a ___ ___ next to them which provides energy to move food through phloem	Companion cell	9%
Blood flows through in one direction, water in the other. This maintains a large ___ ___ between the water and the blood	Concentration gradient	9%
Fix the lid with adhesive tape to prevent microorganisms from the air ___ the culture, or microorganisms from the culture escaping.	Contaminating	9%
Thin for short ___ distances	Diffusion	9%
Trial with two groups. One is given the drug, one is given a placebo. Ensures that the medicine is actually effective.	Double blind	9%
___ fats for a larger surface area for enzymes to act on	Emulsifies	9%
Made up of three molecules of ___ ___ joined to one glycerol	Fatty acids	9%
The lactic acid is transported by the blood to the liver and converted back to ___ by a series of chemical reactions	Glucose	9%
In humans: it is converted to ___ which is a storage form of glucose	Glycogen	9%
Digitalis and digoxin from foxgloves combat ___ problems	Heart	9%
Heat ___ ___ till red hot in a Bunsen burner (leave this on (leave this on throughout experiment to create a convection current that carries airborne pathogens away.)	Inoculating loop	9%
Defences against herbivores: poisons, thorns, hairy stems/leaves to prevent eggs being ___ there	Laid	9%
Leaves are broad for a big surface area for ___ to fall on	Light	9%
When one or more of the conditions a plant needs to photosynthesise is in short supply and limits the amount of photosynthesis a plant can manage	Limiting factor	9%
Tumours that can spread around the body, invading healthy tissues (cancers)	Malignant	9%
Chromosomes line up at centre of cell, spindle fibres attach	Metaphase	9%
This happens in root hair cells when absorbing ___ ___	Mineral ions	9%
The heart rate also increases to pump more ___ blood around the body	Oxygenated	9%
Heart rate is controlled by a group of cells in the right atrium wall that act as a ___	Pacemaker	9%
DNA in the chromosomes and their copies condense to become more visible. Membrane around nucleus disappears	Prophase	9%
If protein is present, solution will turn from blue to ___	Purple	9%
The isolation of someone with an infectious disease to reduce the chance of the pathogen being passed on	Quarantine	9%
Therapy where cancer cells destroyed by targeted radiation doses	Radiotherapy	9%
Use a ___ to trim the cylinders to the same length	Scalpel	9%
RP: EFFECTS OF pH ON ENZYMATIC REACTIONS: Put a drop of iodine solution in each well of a ___ ___	Spotting tile	9%
New membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes (nucleus divided)	Telophase	9%
Label dish and store ___ ___ to prevent condensation falling on the agar surface	Upside down	9%
Excess proteins are broken down into the chemical ___	Urea	9%
Position the tube so the pondweed is ___cm from the light source	10	7%
The female mosquito needs ___ meals of human blood before laying her eggs, so protists are passed into the blood stream	2	7%
Allow to stand for ___ minutes	5	7%
___ ___ discovered the first antibiotic after a spore from the Penicillium mould contaminated one of his cultures	Alexander Fleming	7%
Also used to make ___ ___, combining sugars with nitrate ions from the soil. These are then built up into proteins	Amino acids	7%
This divides to make cells that all produce the same ___, which are collected and purified	Antibody	7%
Can be slowed with ___ drugs	Antiretroviral	7%
___ have sharp mouthparts that penetrate the phloem so they can feed on the sugar-rich sap of plants	Aphids	7%
___ hearts require lots of machinery and most patients must stay in hospital til a biological transplant	Artificial	7%
Can also be replaced with ___ valves (don’t require medication but only last 12-15 years.)	Biological	7%
Count the number of ___ emerging from the cut end of the stem in one minute	Bubbles	7%
These store and provide energy. Made up of units of sugar.	Carbohydrates	7%
They absorb ___ ___ dissolved in the water around them. Also dissolves oxygen produced	Carbon dioxide	7%
___ ___ is poisonous and takes up some of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood	Carbon monoxide	7%
Measure the new mass using a balance and calculate ___	Change	7%
Trials of low doses on healthy people to check for side effects, then on patients to find the optimum dose and see if it's effective	Clinical	7%
During exercise, the body needs lots of energy for muscle ___	Contraction	7%
Cell membrane pinches in and eventually divides into two daughter cells	Cytokinesis	7%
When some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break, changing the shape of the active site so the substrate no longer fits	Denaturing	7%
To investigate ___ of disinfectants and antibiotics, add soaked circles of filter paper to the culture plate.	Effectiveness	7%
Over time, valves in the body might become stuff, leak, or not open properly, making the heart less ___	Efficient	7%
(Above) respiration in yeast cells: glucose -> ___ + carbon dioxide	Ethanol	7%
This builds up over long periods of vigorous activity and causes muscle ___, stopping the muscles from contracting efficiently	Fatigue	7%
This reaction is called:	Fermentation	7%
If not, water leaves the cells by osmosis and makes them ___ and the plant wilts	Flaccid	7%
It also happens in the gut when ___ and nutrients enter the bloodstream	Glucose	7%
When a large population of the population is immune to a disease, the spread of the pathogen is very much reduced and can even disappear.	Herd immunity	7%
Scientists combine the two of these to make a ___	Hybridoma	7%
The cell spends most of its life in the ___	Interphase	7%
Repeat the count 5 times and take the ___	Mean	7%
Can be replaced with ___ valves (require medication to prevent blood clots but last a long time)	Mechanical	7%
The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell or the body	Metabolism	7%
Splitting up of original tumour, releasing small clumps of cells into the bloodstream/lymphatic system, which circulate and may lodge in another organ	Metastasis	7%
In the stomach, there are three types of tissue. ___ tissue moves the stomach to churn food	Muscular	7%
Stored as starch: glucose is water soluble so could affect ___ but starch isn't and therefore doesn't affect the water balance of the plant	Osmosis	7%
The body must remove the lactic acid from the muscles, creating ___ ___	Oxygen debt	7%
Bark on trees and a layer of dead cells on the outside of steams = a protective layer that is hard for pathogens to ___. When dead cells are shed, pathogens fall off with them	Penetrate	7%
In stomach, ___ acts upon proteins, holding and churning food as it's mixed with enzymes	Pepsin	7%
Bacterium's cell wall is made of ___	Peptidoglycan	7%
In the oesophagus, ___ pushes food into the stomach	Peristalsis	7%
Every 30s, use a dropping ___ to take a fresh sample from the tube and put a drop in a well	Pipette	7%
Alcohol passes across the ___ into the baby, affecting development of brain and body (Foetal Alcohol Syndrome)	Placenta	7%
The exothermic reaction used to transfer useful energy	Respiration	7%
Fungal plant disease that causes purple/black spots to develop on leaves, often causing them to turn yellow and drop early	Rose black spots	7%
Digestive enzymes break them down into smaller ___ molecules	Soluble	7%
The ___ of the leaf is an exchange surface, covered in stomata which (above) diffuses in through and oxygen and water diffuse out of	Underside	7%
Place in boiling tube using forceps, cut side facing ___	Up	7%
Heat beaker of water to __ degrees C	35	5%
Can lead to breakdown in ___ structure, causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Alveoli	5%
Add 2cm^3 of ___ solution to the tube, mix and start the stop clock.	Amylase	5%
___ originates from a compound found in willow bark	Aspirin	5%
Can trigger immune system to recognise, attack, and destroy ___ cells	Cancer	5%
There are many ___ to speed up diffusion and a thin layer of surface cells to minimise diffusion distance	Capillaries	5%
Some glucose is used in respiration. Some is built into complex ___ such as cellulose	Carbohydrates	5%
Tumour cells do not respond to the normal mechanisms that control the ___ ___, dividing rapidly and not dying when necessary	Cell cycle	5%
May cause ___ of the liver, where active liver cells are replaced with scar tissue that can't carry out vital functions	Cirrhosis	5%
The substrate must be ___ in shape to this (lock and key theory)	Complementary	5%
Has ___ ___ that branches off the aorta and surround the heart to provide supply of oxygenated blood.	Coronary arteries	5%
Spread by ___ ___ between diseased and healthy plant material	Direct contact	5%
The DNA is ___ and forms X-shaped chromosomes - each "arm" of the chromosome is genetically identical	Duplicated	5%
They produce small ___ ___ which spread to surrounding muscles, causing contraction	Electrical impulses	5%
Lipid test: Prepare sample of food. Add ___.	Ethanol	5%
When drinking, ___ is absorbed into blood from gut and passes into tissues	Ethanol	5%
The ___ ___ ___ is used to increase clarity of the image	Fine focussing wheel	5%
These close the stomata if the plant is losing water too quickly by going ___	Flaccid	5%
___ tissue makes and secretes enzymes	Glandular	5%
Repeat at different distances from the light source. Light intensity should be ___ proportional to the square of the distance	Inversely	5%
This is then excreted by the ___	Kidneys	5%
Store energy, make up cell membrane and insulate.	Lipids	5%
Muscle cells are ___ to have space to contract and have many mitochondria to provide energy for contraction	Long	5%
Mostly made out of ___ tissue	Muscular	5%
___ food leaving stomach as it's too acidic for enzymes in small intestine to work properly	Neutralises	5%
CO2 concentrations rise in the ___ because they respire but don't photosynthesise (due to lack of light) and it's then used up in the morning	Night	5%
Reacting with the accumulated lactic acid and removing it from the cells requires ___	Oxygen	5%
In the lungs, this binds to oxygen, and in body tissues, the ___ splits up to release oxygen to cells.	Oxyhaemoglobin	5%
Bacteria inserts ___ into plant cells and causes a mass of new, undifferentiated, genetically modified cells to grow	Plasmids	5%
Trials where a lot of possible new drugs are made and tested in laboratory to see if they're toxic or effective. Then tested on animals	Preclinical	5%
Can be used in ___ tests binding to HCG	Pregnancy	5%
Can block ___ on the surface of cells to stop them growing and dividing	Receptors	5%
Something in your life that makes you more susceptible to a disease/diseases	Risk factor	5%
The sides of the heart are separated by the ___ which stops oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing.	Septum	5%
Spread by ___ carried by the wind. Can be reduced by removing and burning affected leaves and stems	Spores	5%
___ cells divide but usually can't make antibodies	Tumour	5%
Gas exchange surfaces in animals are often ___ (air moves in and out)	Ventilated	5%
These are often used in making medicines - mint and ___-hazel are mild antiseptics	Witch	5%
___ are aquatic so are adapted to photosynthesising in water.	Algae	3%
Don't seal all the way around, as oxygen still needs to get in to prevent ___ bacteria growth	Anaerobic	3%
Many plants produce ___ chemicals that protect against pathogens	Antibacterial	3%
Disinfectant safe to use on human skin	Antiseptic	3%
In pregnancy, this might lead to stillbirths, low ___ and premature babies (as the foetus may not grow properly)	Birthweight	3%
They carry a risk of ___ ___	Blood clots	3%
The body increases aerobic respiration so increases the ___ rate and volume	Breathing	3%
Add 1cm^3 of ___ solution with pH of choice to boiling tube, heat in beaker of water for 5mins	Buffer	3%
Mimicry: imitating healthy plants or mimicking ___ eggs on their surface so real ones don't get laid there	Butterfly	3%
___ plants have adapted to live in nitrate-poor soil by obtaining nutrients from insects they catch	Carnivorous	3%
Cellulose ___ ___ that strengthen cells also help resist invasion by pathogens.	Cell walls	3%
Deficiency will cause leaves to turn yellow (___) and slower growth	Chlorosis	3%
If sample contains lipids, a ___ ___ ___ forms.	Cloudy white emulsion	3%
The ___ ___ ___ is used to roughly focus the image	Coarse focussing wheel	3%
Nicotine makes heart rate increase while other chemicals damage artery lining, increasing risk of ___ ___ ___	Coronary heart disease	3%
___ ___ then return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.	Coronary veins	3%
___ trees lose leaves in autumn, causing pathogens that affect leaves to fall off too	Deciduous	3%
Can bind to specific antigens found on pathogens or cancer cells to assist with ___ diseases	Diagnosing	3%
Can also be used to give a ___ heart a rest so it can recover, reducing strain on it	Diseased	3%
Add ___ ___ and stir with a glass rod. Filter.	Distilled water	3%
Spread by ___ in air. There is no treatment, but there is a vaccine.	Droplets	3%
If untreated, it causes pelvic pain, infertility, and ___ pregnancy	Ectopic	3%
Have layers of muscle to make them strong, and ___ ___ to allow them to stretch and spring back	Elastic fibres	3%
The energy released by respiration is used by ___ to synthesise new molecules in the cell	Enzymes	3%
___ tissue covers the inside and outside of the stomach	Epithelial	3%
Can measure levels of ___ in the blood, eg. in screening for HIV or illegal drug use	Hormones	3%
They are found in early ___ ___ and these can differentiate into any cell. Adult stem cells can't do this	Human embryos	3%
Growing plants in water instead of soil with the perfect nutrient balance instead of soil to make sure nothing slows down growth	Hydroponics	3%
Plants need fluid surrounding cells to be ___ to the cytoplasm	Hypertonic	3%
___ for a few days so microorganisms can grow.	Incubate	3%
Particularly dangerous when ___ or breathed in as it can penetrate cells directly	Ingested	3%
To prevent, use ___ impregnated mosquito nets, and prevent mosquito breeding by removing standing water and spraying water with insecticides to kill larvae	Insecticide	3%
___ ___ penetrates cells and damages chromosomes, causing DNA mutations that might cause cancer	Ionising radiation	3%
These are covered in ___ increasing the SA even more	Lamellae	3%
Leave overnight to allow osmosis to take place, and then remove the cylinders and roll them on paper towels to remove surface ___	Moisture	3%
Not as widely used as initially hoped. Create a lot of side effects, in part due to use of ___ cells for the lymphocyte	Mouse	3%
Could be used to make working ___ ___ for those paralysed with spinal injuries	Nerve cells	3%
Single strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm	Nucleoid	3%
Can be destroyed with chemical ___ or by releasing aphid-eating insects like ladybirds	Pesticides	3%
Attack in large numbers, depriving the plant cells of products of ___ and weakening the plant. Can also act as vectors	Photosynthesis	3%
If even more water is lost, vacuole and cytoplasm shrink, and eventually cell membrane pulls away from cell. This is ___	Plasmolysis	3%
In the UK, ___ are vaccinated against it	Poultry	3%
Affects the liver and damages ___ ___ cells. Causes fever and shaking when the protists burst out of these cells	Red blood	3%
Some used to build up fats and oils, often as an energy store in ___ to provide reactants for the new plant to respire as it germinates	Seeds	3%
Light Intensity RP: Set up boiling tube containing 45cm^3 of ___ ___ ___ solution	Sodium hydrogen carbonate	3%
Add 2 cm^3 ___ solution to the tube.	Starch	3%
In ___ ___ the embryo is engineered to contain the same genetic information as the patient to prevent the cells being rejected	Therapeutic cloning	3%
Drooping or curling when ___ to dislodge insects/frighten larger animals.	Touched	3%
When water moves into a plant cell and causes vacuole to swell, pressing cytoplasm against cell wall and building pressure	Turgor	3%
Increasing the atmospheric CO2 concentration will increase the rate. Usually around ___%	0.04	2%
Testing for sugars: Transfer 5cm^3 of food sample to test tube and set water bath to ___ degrees C	75	2%
This is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to break down to remove the ___ lactic acid	Accummulated	2%
Bacterium that causes crown galls - mass of unspecialised cells that often grow at the join between root and shoot	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	2%
___ ___ allow carbon dioxide to get to cells and oxygen to leave	Air spaces	2%
The cilia are ___ during smoking, allowing dirt and pathogens to move into the lungs	Anaesthetised	2%
Reproduce sexually in the female ___ mosquito and asexually in the human	Anopheles	2%
This turns them from pink to grey and makes smokers more prone to ___	Bronchitis	2%
Explains how on factor influences one another through a biological process	Causal mechanism	2%
You can use a greenhouse to provide a warm atmosphere. ___ greenhouses also control light levels and carbon dioxide concentration	Commercial	2%
ISSUES - Might be ___ and make the patient sicker	Contaminated	2%
Osmosis RP: Peel the potato and then use a ___ ___ to produce 3 cylinders of potato. Using this makes all of them the same diameter	Cork borer	2%
Cut the top of a piece of pondweed ___	Diagonally	2%
Allow to stand for a few minutes, then shake to ___ air bubbles	Disperse	2%
___ ___ have a thin membrane for short diffusion distance, large surface area and, in animals, good blood supply to get substances in and out of blood fast	Exchange surfaces	2%
Good ___ ___ and pest control can help prevent spread	Field hygiene	2%
The ___ shape of a leaf increases exchange area	Flattened	2%
Each exchange surface is made up of ___ ___ which provide a large SA.	Gill filaments	2%
Don't damage ___ cells and are specific so could treat a wide range of conditions	Healthy	2%
Cannot ___ other parts of the body but grow large quickly	Invade	2%
Preparing a food sample: Break up food with a ___ ___ ___	Mortar and pestle	2%
A ___ ___ is used to lever the cover slip onto the specimen and avoid air bubbles	Mounted needle	2%
Pests such as ___ ___ and insect larvae live in the soil and feed on plant roots so they can't absorb water and mineral ions effectively	Nemotode worms	2%
___ fruit is used in Costa Rican medicine and may have antibacterial properties	Noni	2%
Have ___ walls 1 cell thick to allow diffusion	Permeable	2%
Might be dangerous if ___ is caused on an organ (eg, on the brain)	Pressure	2%
___ samples are being searched for helpful microorganisms	Soil	2%
They also have a ___ ___	Streamlined head	2%
The DNA is spread out in long strings and the cell is increasing its number of ___ ___.	Subcellular structures	2%
What does TED stand for? (___, ___, ___)	Toxicity, Efficacy, Dose	2%
They open when the plant has lots of water because the cells press against one another in ___and create a space	Turgor	2%
Make ___ streaks of bacteria on the agar using the loop.	Zigzag	2%
___ ___ ___ around them show where bacteria could not grow.	Zones of inhibition	2%

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