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Biology Paper 2 AQA GCSE - Statistics

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Answer Stats
Hint Answer % Correct
what happens to enzymes if temperature becomes too high or pH becomes too high or low denature
89%
the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism homeostasis
74%
___ syrup is added as a food source glucose
71%
blood ___ concentration glucose
71%
many conditions are controlled in the human body, including: body ___ temperature
66%
conditions in which enzymes work best optimum
63%
dendrites collect impulses from ___ cells receptor
61%
nerve responses (___ system) nervous
55%
effector
47%
day on ___ axis x
42%
carry impulses from CNS to effectors: ___ neurone motor
42%
carry electrical impulses from receptors to CNS: ___ neurone | dendrites collect impulses from ___ neurone sensory
42%
the point where 2 neurones meet synapse
42%
plot drop number on the ___ axis x
42%
the code for an amino acid is a sequence of ___ bases. order of bases controls which one is made 3
39%
dampen with ___ | this includes enough ___ to maintain the body's ___ concentration water
39%
plot graph with mean height on ___ axis y
39%
___ levels water
39%
plot reaction time on the ___ axis y
39%
open thumb and forefinger, and get a partner to hold the ruler upright so the ___cm mark is level with the top of your thumb 0
37%
record the reading, repeat 2-___ times 5
37%
factors affecting food security: ___ and other conflicts war
37%
___ actions don't involve the conscious part of the brain reflex
37%
less water reabsorbed from tubules back into ___ blood
34%
the ___ system comprises of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream endocrine
34%
in type ___, liver and muscle cells no longer respond to insulin, or pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin 2
32%
coordinates and controls precise and smooth movement cerebellum
32%
when focussing on a near object: ciliary muscles ___ contract
32%
high water concentration: ___ gland secretes less ADH | low water concentration: ___ gland secretes ADH pituitary
32%
contains receptor cells, detects light and sends impulses to receptor cells | reaches receptor cells in the ___ retina
32%
secretes insulin and glucagon pancreas
32%
the ___ gland secretes several hormones which act on other glands, stimulating the release of other hormones pituitary
32%
carry impulses from sensory to motor neurones, found in CNS: ___ neurone relay
32%
in type ___, pancreatic cells are destroyed by immune system. no longer produce insulin/not enough insulin. treated by insulin injections 1
29%
secretes adrenaline adrenal gland
29%
regulates heartbeat, breathing and other unconscious processes medulla
29%
when focussing on a distant object: ciliary muscles ___ relax
29%
tough white outer layer. protects against damage and provides attachment for eye muscles sclera
29%
without ___, the partner should release the ruler for you to catch warning
29%
light travels into the eye through the tough, transparent ___, the pupil and the lens cornea
26%
___ scanners can build up detailed images of the brain and other tissues MRI
26%
homeostasis uses automatic control systems such as: hormonal (___) responses chemical
26%
treated by carbohydrate-controlled ___ and exercise diet
26%
secrete oestrogen and progesterone ovaries
26%
a reflex arc: stimulus
26%
you can study the brain in three main ways: studying people with ___ ___ (damage to different parts of the brain causes different changes in body function) brain damage
24%
___ are sensitive to bright light and different colours cones
24%
the eye is a sense organ that contains ___ sensitive to light intensity and colour receptors
24%
___ are sensitive to low light levels and how light/dark an object is rods
24%
___ causes eggs in the ovaries to mature | ___ is given to cause an egg to mature FSH
24%
insulin causes muscle and liver cells to remove glucose from blood and store as ___ glycogen
24%
___ causes an ovary to release an egg LH
24%
motor neurone
24%
cells in the nervous system neurones
24%
all control systems have 3 main parts. 1) ___ which are cells that detect stimuli receptors
24%
has a long dendron and ___ to carry impulses distances axon
21%
part of the brain that controls voluntary movement, interprets sensory information and is responsible for learning and memory cerebral cortex
21%
usually treated with spectacles that have ___ lenses that refract light so it diverges before reaching the eye concave
21%
sends impulses to optical centre in brain optic nerve
21%
kidneys remove substances including ___ from blood to make urine urea
21%
___ is a disease where the body can't properly control BGC diabetes
21%
involves responses to the ___ or ___ conditions internal external
21%
LH given to trigger ___ of the egg release
21%
sensory neurone
21%
secretes thyroxine thyroid gland
21%
up to day ___: lining of uterus continues to build up 28
18%
add ___ seeds to each dish 10
18%
blood vessels ___ constrict
18%
treated with spectacles that have ___ lenses to refract light so it converges before reaching the eye convex
18%
short sightedness myopia
18%
___ glands stop releasing ___ sweat
18%
bring about responses needed effectors
18%
14-16: where ___ is most likely to take place | then the eggs are taken from the ovaries, mixed with sperm in a dish for ___, then implanted into the womb fertilisation
18%
blood glucose concentration rises: pancreas increases secretion of ___ and decreases secretion of ___ insulin glucagon
18%
secretes TSH, ADH, FSH and LH pituitary gland
18%
relay neurone
18%
response
18%
this process works in one direction and allows nerve impulses to produce impulses in several other neurones, but is ___ than nerve impulses slower
18%
hormone produced by adrenal glands in times of fear/stress adrenaline
16%
___ ___ ___ where a laser is used to change the cornea's shape so it refracts light differently before reaching the lens laser eye surgery
16%
concentration falls: pancreases increases secretion of ___ and decreases secretion of ___ glucagon insulin
16%
glucagon causes liver cells to convert ___ to ___ and release into blood glycogen glucose
16%
in in vitro fertilisation, or ___, mature eggs are fertilised outside the woman's body IVF
16%
day 14 ovulation
16%
hormones have a ___ speed and ___ duration (opposite to nerves) slow long
16%
this ensures ___ cells receive the transferred gene and the organism develops with the desired characteristic all
13%
other treatments for these conditions include: hard or soft ___ ___ contact lenses
13%
blood vessels supplying the skin ___ dilate
13%
sweat glands release sweat. energy must be transferred to allow the continued ___ of water as sweat evaporation
13%
in response to gravity gravitropism
13%
long sightedness hyperopia
13%
a hormone is secreted by a gland, transported in the ___ and affects a target organ or another gland bloodstream
13%
suspensory ligaments ___ loosen
13%
find ___ daily heights of each dish mean
13%
makes tubules ___ permeable more
13%
___ gravitropism | ___ phototropism | growth away from stimulus = ___ tropism negative
13%
cloning animals: remove nucleus from ___ cell of animal A and insert into unfertilised egg cell from animal B body
13%
in response to light phototropism
13%
auxins move towards ___ part of plant, lit side becomes longer, root grows away from light shaded
13%
suspensory ligaments ___ tighten
13%
if the body temperature is too high: ___ occurs vasodilation
13%
who came up with this theory? charles darwin
13%
surgical ___: women are sterilised by blocking oviducts that lead from the ovaries to the uterus contraception
13%
he developed the same theory independently from ___ Darwin
13%
the water cycle: ___ from bodies of water, respiration and transpiration = water vapour evaporation
13%
doses of ___ and ___ help women with low levels become pregnant normally FSH and LH
13%
converts glycogen into glucose, ___ heart/breathing rate increases
13%
inhibits release of FSH meaning eggs don't ___ mature
13%
count number of organisms in each quadrat and find the ___ mean
13%
electrical impulses can't cross the gap in these, so the signal is transmitted by: neurotransmitters
13%
___ and ___ maintain uterus lining oestrogen progesterone
13%
in predator-prey cycles: prey population ___ if there's plenty of food/few predators rises/increases/grows
13%
___ are different versions of the same gene alleles
11%
true bacteria and cyanobacteria which photosynthesise bacteria
11%
may affect ___ ___ of enzyme so it doesn't work active site
11%
implanting an ___ lens, either as a replacement for the natural lens or to work with it artificial
11%
you can also use a machine to carry out kidney functions: ___ dialysis
11%
fluid entering machine has no urea to maintain large concentration gradient, allowing for quick ___ diffusion
11%
a ___ is a small section of DNA on a chromosome gene
11%
knowledge of the human ___ allows scientists to search for genes linked to different diseases genome
11%
makes tubules ___ permeable less
11%
auxins move towards lower part of shoot, lower part becomes ___ and shoot grows upwards longer
11%
auxins move towards ___ part of root, upper side becomes longer, root grows downwards lower
11%
___ change the sequence of DNA bases mutations
11%
___ gravitropism | ___ phototropism | growth towards stimulus = ___ tropism positive
11%
animals have high ___ diets to increase growth | each gene codes for a specific sequence of amino acid to make a specific ___ protein
11%
this shivering releases energy by heating because of increased ___ in the muscle cells respiration
11%
to prevent rejection, antigens on organ and patient should be as ___ as possible similar
11%
fishermen throw back ___ fish small
11%
in kidney ___ - healthy kidney connected to blood circulation to do work of diseased kidney transplant
11%
how plants grow in response to a stimulus tropism
11%
8-14 uterus lining is ___ ___ built up
11%
urine flows through ___ to outside of body urethra
11%
if temperature is too low: ___ occurs vasoconstriction
11%
therefore the characteristics of each population become ___ over time different
11%
passed to animals when they ___ plants, and then from animal to animal along the food chain eat
11%
there is a change to the ___ that the organisms can't adapt to quickly enough environment
11%
there was not enough ___ and the mechanism of inheritance and variation wasn't known at the time evidence
11%
they can no longer breed together to produce ___ offspring fertile
11%
had to stretch to reach high leaves on trees for ___ | this acts as a ___ store without insulating the rest of the body against heat loss food
11%
this idea faced opposition: challenged the idea that ___ made all living things God
11%
if the human ___ impact of eating GM crops has been researched enough health
11%
classification system: kingdom
11%
menstrual cycle: day 1-5, the breakdown and shedding of uterus lining along with blood menstruation
11%
these strains are caused by ___ and are more likely to survive and reproduce mutations
11%
many survive to ___ and therefore there's more available food for the predators | more likely to survive and ___ and pass alleles to their offspring | these offspring are likely to have phenotypes that make them better suited to the environment, making them more likely to ___ reproduce
11%
carbon dioxide is released during ___ | including rate of ___ in cells, how quickly substances break down or are synthesised respiration
11%
eventually they are so different that populations become new ___ species
11%
however, if the environment changes, parent and offspring are identical so they may all die if poorly ___ to conditions adapted
8%
___ increases the permeability of the kidney tubules, causing more water to be reabsorbed ADH
8%
___ on the kidney differ from the cells in the patient's body, stimulating an immune response and rejecting the kidney antigens
8%
___ control tropisms auxins
8%
some people fish for food. stocks must be maintained at levels that allow ___ to occur breeding/reproduction
8%
a ___ occurs when part of the lens becomes less transparent cataract
8%
tightly coiled in a ___ chromosome
8%
causes transfer of energy from the skin, ___ the body cooling
8%
place one dish on a windowsill, one in a black cupboard, one in a dim area and measure the seedlings' heights every ___ day
8%
include changes such as the ___ of part of the DNA, repeating a part of the DNA, or a small change in the base sequence deletion
8%
cons: animals are kept close together so are more likely to spread ___ disease
8%
forms a ___ ___ structure double helix
8%
using ___ ___. electrodes pass electrical impulses to different regions of brain and effects are studied electrical stimulation
8%
pros: animals grow bigger and ___ faster
8%
helps understand and treat ___ disorders genetic/inherited
8%
auxins can be used in selective ___ herbicides
8%
plasmodium, the parasite that causes ___, reproduces asexually in the human host but sexually in the mosquito vector malaria
8%
gives species survival advantage by ___ ___ if environment changes natural selection
8%
DNA is made up of different ___ units nucleotide
8%
occurs in the ___ nucleus
8%
faster than sexual reproduction, so many ___ are produced quickly when the environment is favourable offspring
8%
also used to preserve ___ species of plants rare
8%
controlling water balance: ___ arteries carry blood from body to kidneys, veins carry cleaned blood back to body after cleaning renal
8%
conditions must be ___ to prevent microorganisms being introduced sterile
8%
stops some of the light reaching the retina so vision becomes blurred. treated by ___ surgery
8%
processes that keep the body's temperature close to 37 degrees C thermoregulation
8%
auxins move towards shaded part of shoot, shaded part becomes longer and shoot grows ___ light towards
8%
___ carry urine from kidneys to bladder ureters
8%
keeps the surroundings ___ to reduce energy transfer to the environment warm
8%
parent cell has 2 sets of chromosomes, a ___ diploid
8%
a new ___ kills the population disease
8%
modern data, eg. ___ analysis, can be used to work out relationships between living scientists DNA
8%
zygote divides by mitosis, forming an ___ embryo
8%
the ___ is the alleles of a particular gene present in an individual genotype
8%
genus
8%
divides in 2 then in 2 again. each daughter cell has 1 set of chromosomes: ___ haploid
8%
resistant to ___ so fields can be sprayed to kill weeds but not crop plants herbicides
8%
GM crop concerns: concerns on effects on populations of wildflowers due to herbicide use, and populations of ___ if there's less food for them | others rely on ___ such as bees insects
8%
IUD or ___ ___: stops sperm/eggs surviving in the uterus and oviducts intrauterine device
8%
includes: ___ intensity, temperature, moisture levels, pH light
8%
explains evolutions of ___ ___ in giraffes long necks
8%
or when the man has a ___ ___ ___ or malformed sperm low sperm count
8%
FSH given to stimulate egg ___ and oestrogen production maturation
8%
sexual reproduction meiosis
8%
decay happens faster in ___ conditions as microorganisms need water for cell processes moist/wet/damp
8%
doses are controlled to avoid ___ births multiple
8%
___ ___ favours different characteristics in each area natural selection
8%
single living individual organism
8%
the ___ is the observed characteristics or traits of the individual produced by the allels working at a molecular level phenotype
8%
in plants, fertilisation involves ___ and egg cells fusing | some species of plant rely on the wind to carry ___ from one place to another pollen
8%
all the organisms of the same species in a habitat | eventually the ___ of resistant strains increases, while non resistant strains are killed | rapid ___ growth and a better standard of living leads to more waste population
8%
as this falls, there's less food for the ___, so their population falls | causes of extinction: new ___ eat all the individuals predators
8%
individual organisms within a species show a wide ___ of characteristics range
8%
caused by ___ allele. only homozygous cc will give cystic fibrosis | when a tall plant was crossed with a dwarf, the offspring was tall, so the dwarf trait was ___ recessive
8%
GM crop advantages: ___ to diseases and pests | patients should finish antibiotic courses to all bacteria are killed, leaving none to form ___ strains resistant
8%
eaten by ___ consumers (and so on) secondary
8%
mineral content of ___ soil
8%
hormone that controls how much energy your body uses thyroxine
8%
non living abiotic
5%
most decomposers use ___ respiration so decay is faster with the presence of oxygen as they can respire aerobic
5%
can be used to modify the genome of a ___ to include a human gene bacterium
5%
A adenine
5%
air is added to provide ___ conditions so the fungus can respire aerobic
5%
used in the beer industry to speed up germination of ___ seeds to make malt barley
5%
the mass of material in an organism, often given as without its water biomass
5%
near objects are ___ but distant objects are ___ blurred clear
5%
weeds are ___-leaved and absorb more auxins than narrow-leaved crops, causing them to grow too fast and die broad
5%
amino acids are brought to the ribosome on ___ ___ carrier molecules
5%
can be certain they'll have the correct ____ characteristics
5%
near objects are ___ but distant objects are ___ clear blurred
5%
C links to G in ___ strands, T links to A complementary
5%
this passes out of the nucleus and into the ___ cytoplasm
5%
there are 4 bases: C cytosine
5%
was a result of scientific research: eg. observations made on his 1836 expedition around the world on the HMS ___ Beagle
5%
grown in containers called ___ fermenters
5%
G guanine
5%
patient must also take ___ to reduce effects of immune system immunosuppresants
5%
tropisms in roots: ___ cell elongation inhibit
5%
each species has a ___ name (genus then species) and closely related species have the same genus name binomial
5%
light focusses in front of the retina because the eyeball is too ___ or the cornea is too ___ long curved
5%
disadvantage: must find a ___ which takes time and energy mate
5%
some parts of human DNA remain unchanged from one generation to the next. scientists analyse these markers in populations worldwide to show how humans have ___ migrated
5%
each kidney has around 1m ___ - functional units where blood is filtered, substances are reabsorbed and urine is produced nephrons
5%
the ribosome reads the ___ of bases on the mRNA and uses this to join the amino acids in the correct order order
5%
consist of a ___ ___ and a base attached to a sugar phosphate group
5%
more water ___ from tubules back into blood reabsorbed
5%
___ feet for a better grip on ice and to stop the bear sinking in the snow broad
5%
___ ___ contains auxins is used to help roots develop rooting powder
5%
humans can increase food production by using ___ ___ selective breeding
5%
once the protein chain is complete, it folds into a unique ___, allowing the protein to do its job | they may have no effect, but may change the order of the amino acids in such a way that the protein's ___ is changed shape
5%
light focusses behind the retina because the eyeball is too ___ or the cornea is too ___ short flat
5%
___ ___ contract and relax repeatedly skeletal muscles
5%
many fungi reproduce asexually by producing ___ in their familiar mushrooms/toadstools spores
5%
tropisms in shoots: ___ cell elongation stimulate
5%
may weaken a ___ protein structural
5%
T thymine
5%
___ culture: take plant that we want to clone and divide it into many tiny pieces tissue
5%
making a protein: stage one is ___ transcription
5%
these carrier molecules are ___ RNA (tRNA) transfer
5%
stage two is ___ translation
5%
feeding levels along a food chain: ___ levels trophic
5%
the ___ are nephrons in the tubes where reabsorption happens tubules
5%
muscle keeps exit to bladder closed til ___ urination
5%
but also reproduce sexually to provide ___ | sexual reproduction benefits: produces ___ in offspring variation
5%
plot time on the ___ axis, temperature on the ___ axis y x
5%
carbon cycle: plants absorb ___ ___ and convert it to carbon compounds | problems: burning the trees leads to ___ ___ release carbon dioxide
5%
class
5%
when these are ___, carbon dioxide is released combusted/burnt
5%
carbon dioxide is produced by the ___ of fuels combustion
5%
new ___ take up all of a resource competitors
5%
this ___ to form clouds condenses
5%
oral ___ may contain oestrogen and progesterone contraceptives
5%
receive information and process it coordination centres
5%
___ ___ is an inherited disorder of cell membranes cystic fibrosis
5%
dead plants and animals are eaten by ___ decomposers
5%
destruction of forest land to make land available for other uses deforestation
5%
number of cells increases and cells ___ as this develops differentiate
5%
effects of global warming: periods of low or no rainfall: ___ drought
5%
the gene is then transferred into the cells of a target organism at an ___ stage of the organism's development early
5%
the interaction of a community of living organisms with living and non-living parts of the environment ecosystem
5%
can be caused by ___ or ___ factors environmental genetic
5%
reduces effects of soil ___ as tree roots bind soil together erosion
5%
family
5%
replanting hedgerows in ___ farmland/farms
5%
investigating reaction times RP: sit on stool and rest ___ on bench with hand hanging over edge forearm
5%
___ data can be used to work out relationships between extinct species fossil
5%
dead organisms that aren't broken down may eventually form ___ ___ fossil fuels
5%
in fertilisation, male and female ___ join to form zygote gametes
5%
the best of their offspring is then bred again, and this is repeated over many ___ until all offspring share this characteristic generations
5%
when an organism's genome is modified to give a desired characteristic by introducing a gene from another organism genetic engineering
5%
leads to ___ ___/climate change (we know this based off peer-reviewed publications and systematic reviews of these papers) global warming
5%
increasing levels of greenhouse gases enhance the ___ effect greenhouse
5%
___ ___ absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface and release it in all directions greenhouse gases
5%
man who came up with the basics of inheritance Gregor Mendel
5%
factors increasing rates of decay: ___ temperatures increase the rate of chemical reactions in microorganisms higher
5%
have the ability to tolerate ___ body temperature and ___ water content high low
5%
___ activities increase levels of greenhouse gases human
5%
adaptations to hot/dry conditions: camels have a ___ of fat hump
5%
they are automatic and ___ - not learned responses innate
5%
thick fur and fat below skin to ___ insulate
5%
most characteristics are a result of multiple genes ___ interacting
5%
process: enzymes are used to ___ the gene isolate
5%
changes to an organism during its ___ are passed to the offspring lifetime
5%
some people have an inherited disorder that stops them making a protein which causes problems with the ___ and liver lungs
5%
___ is produced by waste decay, rice paddy fields, and cattle | some decomposers use anaerobic respiration and produce ___ gas methane
5%
changes in bird ___ patterns migration
5%
parts of the organism (eg. bones and teeth) are replaced by ___ as they decay minerals
5%
has a fatty ___ ___ to insulate the neurone, as the impulse can't cross this myelin sheath
5%
___ value increased: eg golden rice with more beta-carotene for vitamin A production nutritional
5%
published the theory in his book ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (1859) on the origin of species
5%
order
5%
partially decomposed plant material found in peat bogs and peatland peat
5%
phyllum
5%
transferred to a ___ or virus plasmid
5%
plant reproduction: male gametes (pollen cells) are transferred to female egg cells by ___ pollination
5%
___ is where a person has extra digits. dominant allele causes it polydactyly
5%
___ are relatively constant in size populations
5%
eaten by ___ consumers primary
5%
organisms that make their own food producers
5%
cross-bred plants from the first generation of offspring with each other and about one ___ were dwarf quarter
5%
benefits of ___ (opposite of deforestation): restores habitats reforestation
5%
rise in ___ ___ due to ice melting and warmer sea water sea levels
5%
___ ___: individuals with the desired characteristic are selected and bred selective breeding
5%
speciation: populations of the same species are ___ somehow separated
5%
reducing antibiotic resistance: don't prescribe antibiotics to treat non-___ infections serious/severe
5%
___ tissues don't decay because on or more of the necessary conditions is missing soft
5%
also known for his theory of ___ (the formation of new species) and work on warning colours on animals speciation
5%
air pollution: smoke/gases, ___ dioxide (part of acid rain) released when coal is burnt sulfur
5%
helps to keep the Earth warm, allowing species to ___ here survive
5%
secretes testosterone testis
5%
water pollution: polluted with sewage, fertilisers, ___ chemicals washed in from land toxic
5%
fossil formation: ___ of the organism are preserved such as burrows, root traces and footprints traces
5%
evolutionary ___ show evolutionary relationships between species trees
5%
the difference in characteristics of individuals in a population variation
5%
men get ___ where sperm ducts are cut, stopping sperm getting into the semen vasectomies
5%
a biogas generator uses animal ___ to produce large volumes of methane to burn waste
5%
help produce increased ___, including bigger and better fruits yields
5%
___, to enjoy seeing them aesthetically
3%
need land for: ___ (either food crops or grassland to feed cattle) | restrict antibiotic use in ___ agriculture
3%
also worked with ___ ___ ___ Alfred Russel Wallace
3%
others use ___, eg. eating fruits, carrying seeds on fur animals
3%
___ ___: bacterial strains resistant to an antibiotic can spread through a population antibiotic resistance
3%
used to be treated by ___ but it's not effective against MRSA antibiotics
3%
a consumer of other animals that has no predators of its own apex predator
3%
primitive bacteria that usually live in extreme environments like very hot or salty water archaea
3%
___ is added as a source of nitrogen so cells can make proteins ammonia
3%
eg. due to a change in the environment producing a ___ to movement barrier
3%
the culture mixture (___) continually circulates broth
3%
less blood flows through skin ___ so less energy transferred to environment by heating | more blood flows through skin ___ so more energy is transferred to the environment by heating capillaries
3%
___ plants: gardeners take cuttings, usually a shoot with leaves cloning
3%
useful in ___ plant nurseries: allows growers to produce many identical plants quickly commercial
3%
___ of fuel/fertiliser/machinery/seed/animal feed cost
3%
investigating plant responses RP: spread ___ ___ on the bottom of 3 Petri dishes cotton wool
3%
investigating decay RP: to a test tube, add 5cm^3 milk, 7cm^3 sodium carbonate solution, and a few drops of ___ ___ indicator cresol red
3%
the fungus is ___ and sinks to the bottom, where it's harvested and purified dense
3%
changes that affect the ___ of a species include: temperature, water availability, and geographical changes such as altitude distribution
3%
asexual benefits: no mate, so ___ in time and energy efficient
3%
heating uses ___ which is expensive electricity
3%
environmental changes such as reduced rainfall causing ___ due to poor harvests famine
3%
but if they take all the large fish, none are left to breed, meaning no young fish replace the fish caught and the ___ collapses fishery
3%
has a ___ shape so spectacles may still be needed after fixed
3%
also used to produce large ___ and start flowering in plants that are for sale fruits
3%
___ is a type of fungus used to produce ___ fusarium mycoprotein
3%
put dishes in a warm place to allow ___ germination
3%
___ start germination in seeds gibberellins
3%
add 1cm^3 lipase solution to the milk mixture and stir with a ___ ___ until the indicator changes colour glass rod
3%
it's ___ to keep animals in these conditions immoral/unethical
3%
small groups of cells then ___ with plant hormones which cause them to grow and develop into new plants incubated
3%
___ farming: limits movement of animals to stop energy loss intensive
3%
destruction of habitats containing peat reduces ___ | kills animals and plants, reducing ___ | variety of all the different species in an ecosystem or on Earth biodiversity
3%
used as ___ biofuel
3%
growing crops for ___ such as ethanol for cars biofuels
3%
living. includes: food, predators, pathogens, competition biotic
3%
___ volume of ___ urine is produced large dilute
3%
add 5cm^3 of ___ solution to the other test tube lipase
3%
can happen when the DNA is copied before cell division, or due to ___ such as UV light mutagens
3%
regulates growth of ___ and how the brain matures bones
3%
tubing is ___ ___ so blood cells, platelets, and plasma proteins aren't removed from the blood partially permeable
3%
DNA is genetic material. a ___ made up of two strands | natural lens is removed and a ___ lens is inserted polymer
3%
this is ___ in alkaline conditions and ___ in acidic ones purple yellow
3%
having enough food to feed a population: food ___ security
3%
once this has happened, remove excess ___ so each dish contains the same number which are roughly the same height seedlings
3%
___ volume of ___ urine is produced small concentrated
3%
___ methods of food production must be found to feed everyone on Earth | in a ___ fishery, you must ensure the population is stable or there will be few or no fish in the long term sustainable
3%
repeat at different ___ temperatures
3%
base sequence of gene is copied into a complementary ___ ___ (messenger RNA or mRNA) template molecule
3%
lens ___ to refract light ___ thickens strongly
3%
lens is pulled ___ to refract light only ___ thin slightly
3%
place both in a ___ ___ until the temperatures remain constant water bath
3%
animal adaptations to the cold: polar bears have a white colour for ___ camouflage
3%
Swedish scientist who classified organisms into groups by structure and characteristics Carl Linnaeus
3%
who proposed the three domain system? Carl Woese
3%
people who are heterozygous for the trait are ___: they can pass the allele to their children but don't have the disorder themselves carriers
3%
single ___ event (eg asteroid collision, volcano eruption) catastrophic
3%
___ winters and ___ summers colder hotter
3%
populations of all the different species in a habitat community
3%
gardeners produce ___ from plant waste. it acts as a natural fertiliser | useful to make fuel and garden ___, but carbon dioxide is released when peat decays or is burnt as fuel compost
3%
many plants rely on the wind to ___ seeds from parent plants disperse
3%
changes in ___ of species distribution
3%
use an ___ ___ to start division and form an embryo. the animal will be a clone of animal A electric shock
3%
plants, animals, fungi and protists eukaryota
3%
those with characteristics best suited to the environment are most likely to breed successfully and pass on their characteristics. this is known as ___ by ___ ___ evolution natural selection
3%
___ concentration gas
3%
key role in ___ and ___ growth development
3%
land pollution includes: toxic chemicals such as ___ and ___ herbicides pesticides/pesticides herbicides
3%
problem in ___ as patients may have wounds/weak immune systems and people transfer the bacteria from place to place easily hospitals
3%
where each species in a community depends on others for resources interdependence
3%
who came up with the theory of evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics? jean baptiste lamarck
3%
dumping waste in ___ sites landfill
3%
useful body parts become ___ and ___ while unused ones grow smaller or disappear larger stronger
3%
fewer trees so less carbon "___ ___" in wood or removed from the air locked up
3%
farmers also use ___ as a natural fertiliser manure
3%
increased activity of ___ that decay chopped wood so more CO2 released microorganisms
3%
reasons to maintain this: ___, to respect other species morally
3%
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or ___ is an example of one of these strains MRSA
3%
___ to apply to the whole area multiply
3%
used when ___ are damaged/blocked oviducts
3%
pure-bred ___ ___ would produce identical offspring when bred with the same type of ___ ___ pea plants
3%
evolution: individuals in a population show variation and some have ___ that make them better suited to the environment phenotypes
3%
helps reduce carbon dioxide concentration as trees ___ photosynthesise
3%
only really useful for ___ or slow moving animals plants
3%
the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium causes skin/respiratory infections and food ___ poisoning
3%
if not handled properly, this causes ___ | when harmful/poisonous substances are released into the environment pollution
3%
falls back to Earth as ___ and some rejoins water bodies, some trickles through the soil precipitation
3%
their population rises and they eat a greater ___ of the prey so the prey population falls proportion
3%
eg. the insulin production gene, then the insulin can be ___ and used to treat diabetes purified
3%
abundance RP: place ___ in randomly selected areas in a region quadrats
3%
more people also means more land used for building, ___ for building materials, ___ to produce food quarrying farming
3%
___ resources to reduce waste in landfill and reduce quarrying recycling
3%
programs to help it include: protecting and ___ rare habitats such as wetlands regenerating
3%
___ can be engineered to produce this protein in their milk, which can be used to treat them sheep
3%
leads to less ___ for other animals and plants space
3%
a high level of this keeps ecosystems ___ by reducing interdependence | in a ___ community, all the species and environmental factors are balanced stable
3%
axon ___ pass impulses to other neurones terminals
3%
___ fur at the top of the body to insulate against heat from the Sun, ___ fur everywhere else to allow heat loss thick thin
3%
risk of side effects, such as raised blood pressure, breast cancer and blood clots (___) thrombosis
3%
___ for building and other uses timber
3%
this trait had been passed ___ from the parents unchanged
3%
some are ___, for example plants being a source of new medicines, and some species provide opportunities to make money off tourism valuable
3%
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