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Hint
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Answer
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PEOPLE AND THE
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BIOSPHERE
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A community where abiotic and biotic elements interact
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Ecosystem
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A large scale ecosystem
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Biome
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In the Arctic circle where there is little sunlight in the winter and little rainfall
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Tundra
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Only short _____ can survive
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Grasses
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The ______ (boreal) forest is at higher latitudes and the suns rays are weak so it is cold
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Taiga
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Trees have needles to stop ___ from accumulating on them
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Snow
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________ forests have high rainfall and there are seasonal variations in the Sun's rays
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Temperate
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Trees lose their leaves in the _____
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Winter
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________ ___forests are found either side of the equator
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Tropical rain
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The temperature is __ and there is _____ rainfall
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Hot Heavy
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Found near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
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Deserts
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This is where hot dry air sinks down to the surface and the Sun's rays are _______ making it hot during the day
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Concentrated
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Local factors affecting where biomes are found: Swamps and bogs are found where ______ is poor. More specialist plants grow in boggy areas
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Drainage
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______ affects the temperature in a biome
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Altitude
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___ and ___ type affects how fertile different areas are within a biome
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Rock Soil
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Nutrients cycle: Transfer from Litter to Soil
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Decomposition
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Transfer from Soil to Biomass
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Uptake
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Transfer from Biomass to Litter
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Fallout
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Transfer into Litter
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Rainfall
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Transfer out of Litter
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Surface runoff
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Transfer out of Biomass
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Leaching
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Transfer into Biomass: Nutrients from rock ______
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Weathering
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The living components in an ecosystem
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Biotic
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The non-living components of an ecosystem
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A-biotic
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The variety of biotic components in an ecosystem
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Biodiversity
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Resources provided by the biosphere: Fruits and berries as well as fish, meat and crops
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Food
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Poppies are a source of morphine
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Medicine
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Timber and animal dung, clay and straw can be used to make houses
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Building materials
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Wood from trees and other biofuels
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Fuel
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Services from the biosphere: Atmospheric balance regulates the ____ which make up the atmosphere
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Gasses
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Regulates _____ cycle, plants slow the flow of _____ to rivers and filter it to make it clean
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Water
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Keeps ____ healthy
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Soil
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Thomas ______ believed that it was impossible to increase food production as rapidly as population growth.
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Malthus
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Ester ______ believed that human innovation would be sparked by current resource limitations being limited
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Boserup
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FORESTS
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UNDER THREAT
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TRF: Has a small _____ store as it decomposes fast due to high temperatures and humid conditions
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Litter
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Has a large _____ store
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Biomass
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Adaptations: Nutrients are concentrated in the top layer of the soil so roots have to be _____
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Shallow
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_____ ____ channel water off of the leaf to prevent mould from growing
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Drip tips
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Trees grow tall to reach the _____
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Sunlight
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Layers (in order from bottom to top)
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Shrub
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Under canopy
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Canopy
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Emergent
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Needles on trees are ___ to prevent water loss
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Waxy
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Trees are ___-shaped to stop snow from building up
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Cone
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The moose/elk can eat ___ needles
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Pine
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Taiga has a large _____ store
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Litter
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The soil is _______ and the store is small
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Acidic
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Causes of TRF deforestation: _______ and commercial farming/agriculture
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Subsistence
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Commercial hardwood ______
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Logging
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Mining and biofuels, as well as electricity from ___________ _____ ____
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Hydroelectric power dams
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Conifer trees in the taiga produce ___wood timber. Most of this comes from the taiga, half from Russia. (Direct threat)
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Soft
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Mining for ______ and fossil fuels is an indirect threat
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Minerals
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CITES _______ on ________ _____ in ________ _____ of wild fauna and flora
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Convention International Trade Endangered Species
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Advantages: Has big international influence with ___ countries signed up
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181
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Disadvantages: It is difficult to check that countries comply with the rules. In 2014, over ____ rhinos were killed by poachers in SA
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1000
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REDD: ________ _______ from _________ and forest ________
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Reducing emissions deforestation degradation
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ADV: Backed by __ and has a scheme in Brazil backed by a $1billion fund
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UN
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Disadvantages: Not clear what is meant by '_____'
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Forest
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Keeping something at the same rate or level
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Sustainability
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It ensures that _______ resources are not used up
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Natural
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Lots of ______ is not needed to keep it going
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Money
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Meets the needs of the _____
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Future
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Tensions between Economic, Social and _______ groups
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Environmental
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Taiga has a ______ ecosystem and takes a long time to recover from damage
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Fragile
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Their is a lack of ______ in the soil
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Nutrients
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Few species means that one _______ can affect the whole ecosystem
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Disease
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Plants are highly specialised and will struggle to ______ to climate change
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Adapt
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CONSUMING
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ENERGY RESOURCES
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Biofuels and nuclear are examples of this type of energy
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Recyclable
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Solar, wind, tidal/wave/HEP are examples of this
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Renewable
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Coal, Oil and gas are examples of this
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Non-Renewable
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Access to energy depends on physical ________
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Resources
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Consumption increases because of a growing ________
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Population
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Rising _________ so people can buy cars AC etc
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Affluence
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New ________ such as iPhones
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Technologies
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Financial crisis in ___ affected oil prices
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2008
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As well as ______ in the Middle East
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Conflict
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Conserving energy: 75mm wall cavity filled with mineral ___
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Wool
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Full ______ proofing and insulating concrete blocks
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Draught
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Double glazed windows filled with _____ or a vacuum
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Argon
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Hot water tank _____
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Jacket
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Solar _____
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Panels
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Switching off _______
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Appliances
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Energy-saving light ____
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Bulbs
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75% of U.K.s oil is used for transport and contributes 22% of _____ emissions
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Carbon
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Trains and buses are more ______
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Efficient
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Increasing ______ efficiency in cars
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Engine
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Benefits of renewables: Less _____
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Emissions
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Will _____ run out
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Never
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No water or air ______
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Pollution
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Meet _____ needs, especially in developing countries
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Local
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Costs to alternatives of fossil fuels: More ________ per unit of energy
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Expensive
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Geography: Best places for renewables are often a ____ ___ from cities
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Long way
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They take up a large land ____
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Area
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They are ugly/________ and loud
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Unsightful
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They have an impact on local ecosystems. Especially ___________ _____
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Hydroelectric power
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Stakeholders from most likely to want sustainable energy to most likely to want "Business as usual"
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Environmental groups
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Climate scientists
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Government
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Consumers
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TNCs
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The equivalent amount of CO2 added to the environment per person
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Carbon footprint
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