UK Hearsay admissability

Part 1 up to statutory inclusions

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Last updated: June 4, 2025

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1. What is Sir Rupert Cross's defintion of Hearsay ?

' A statement other than one made by a person giving oral evidence in the proceedings is inadmissable'

'A statement made by someone giving oral evidence in the proceedings is inadmissable

' a statement other than one made by a person giving oral evidence in the proceedings is admissable'

' A statement made by someone giving oral evidence in the proceedings is admissable'

2. What are the main compenants of the Roberts and Zuckerman definition of hearsay ?

In court statements, adduced for their truth

out of court statements, adduced for their truth

out of court statements, used to prove relevant fact

in court statement, used to prove relevant fact

3. Hearsay evidence is excluded unless ... ( Roberts and Zuckerman)

A well established exception to the exclusionary rule applies

inclusionary rule, hearsay evidence is not excluded

4. Which case held that evidence is relevant if it is logically probative

R v Twist

R v Sang

R v Horncastle

R v Kilbourne

5. hearsay evidence is defined s114(1) of the CJA 2003 as...

' a statment made by a 3rd party out of court'

'a statement not made in oral evidence'

' a stament made in oral evidence'

' a statement made during initial police interview'

6. What must the purpose of the statement be under s115(3)

to cause other person to believe matter or to act on the basis the matter is as stated

to be held beyond reasonable doubt that it is true by jury

to cause other person to be certain when giving evidence that what they have been told is true

has to be true

7. The 3 stage test was decided in the case of ...

r v oliver

r v chedwyn evans

r v kilbourne

r v twist

8. If all parties agree to admit the evidence under s114(1)(c) is it admissible

yes

9. which of the following factors is not a valid reason for a witness being unavailable under s116(1)

dead

cannot be found/ outside the UK

unable to attend court due to work

physically mentally unfit

10. What case held that if a witness refuses due to fear ( s116(2)(e) ) the fear does not need to be reasonable but must cause the refusal

R v Mcdonald

R v McKidd

R v McCullen

R v McCay

11. When considering if it can be admissible under s116(2)(e) courts must consider if it is necessary in the interests of justice considering ...

statements contents

risk of faireness to parties of both admission and exclusion

whether special measures could be given under s19 YJCEA 1999 to allow oral evidence

all of these factors and all other relevant factors

12. Which of the following is NOT part of the criteria in s117(2) for documentary evidence to be admissible if it would have been admissable in oral evidence

documented by professional in course of trade

all access to documented statement was done professionally

maker of documented statement had ( reasonably expected to have) personal experience of matter

be a first person account

13. Which case did w1 record D's reg number and leave in on the windscreen and w2 takes it to police but it was inadmissable because w1 didn't transmit to w2 in the course of business

Ag ref No3 of 1998 v Dpp

R v twist

Maher V Dpp

R v Andrews

14. When is a previous inconsistent statement admissable under S119(1):

when W accepts they made statements and proved the statement is contradicted by what they said at trial

w lies in statement and makes the same untrue staement at trial but proven untrue

where W doesn't make initial statement but evidence proves statement at trial is false

when W accepts they made a statement and statement is upheld at trial

15. When are other previous statements NOT admissable

when the witness is unavailable

to rebut a suggestion that their oral evidence has been fabricated