|
Letter
|
|
Time Period/Notes
|
|
Languages
|
|
Ѐ ѐ
|
|
|
|
Macedonian | Bulgarian | Serbian | Church Slavonic
|
|
Ё̄ ё̄
|
|
|
|
Northern Mansi
|
|
Ђ ђ
|
|
|
|
Montenegrin | Serbian
|
|
Ѓ ѓ
|
|
|
|
Macedonian
|
|
Є є
|
|
|
|
Ukrainian | Khanty
|
|
Є̈ є̈
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
Ѕ ѕ
|
|
|
|
Macedonian
|
|
І і
|
|
|
|
Belarusian | Ukrainian | Russian | Kazakh | Khakas | Komi | Rusyn
|
|
Ї ї
|
|
|
|
Ukrainian | Rusyn | Church Slavonic
|
|
Ї́ ї́
|
|
|
|
Ukrainian | Rusyn
|
|
Ј ј
|
|
to 1991 | to 1897
|
|
Serbian | Macedonian | Montenegrin | Kildin Sami | Azerbaijani | Udmurt | Orok
|
|
Љ љ
|
|
|
|
Macedonian | Montenegrin | Serbian
|
|
Њ њ
|
|
|
|
Macedonian | Montenegrin | Serbian
|
|
Ћ ћ
|
|
|
|
Serbian
|
|
Ќ ќ
|
|
|
|
Macedonian
|
|
Ѝ ѝ
|
|
|
|
Bulgarian | Macedonian | Serbian
|
|
Ў ў
|
|
|
|
Belarusian | Dungan | Khanty | Uzbek
|
|
Џ џ
|
|
|
|
Serbian | Macedonian | Montenegrin | Abkhazian | Romanian
|
|
А̀ а̀
|
|
|
|
Bulgarian | Macedonian
|
|
А̂ а̂
|
|
|
|
Bulgarian | Serbian | Udege
|
|
А̃ а̃
|
|
|
|
Khinalug
|
|
А̄ а̄
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami | Northern Mansi | Bulgarian | Serbian
|
|
А̊ а̊
|
|
|
|
Selkup
|
|
Б҄ б҄
|
|
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
В̌ в̌
|
|
|
|
Shughni | Wakhi
|
|
В҄ в҄
|
|
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
Г̄ г̄
|
|
1820s
|
|
Karelian
|
|
Г̌ г̌
|
|
|
|
Shughni | Wakhi
|
|
Г̑ г̑
|
|
|
|
Aleut
|
|
Г̣ г̣
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
Г̧ г̧
|
|
1820's | Uslar's orthographies
|
|
Karelian | Lezgian | Dargwa | Chechen
|
|
Г҄ г҄
|
|
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
Д̆ д̆
|
|
|
|
Aleut
|
|
Д̣ д̣
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic | Wakhi
|
|
Е̃ е̃
|
|
|
|
Khinalug
|
|
Е̄ е̄
|
|
|
|
Northern Mansi | Bulgarian | Serbian
|
|
З́ з́
|
|
|
|
Montenegrin
|
|
З̌ з̌
|
|
|
|
Nganasan | Shughni
|
|
З̣ з̣
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
З̱ з̠
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
И̃ и̃
|
|
|
|
Khinalug | Godoberi
|
|
К̣ к̣
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
К҄ к҄
|
|
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
Н҄ н҄
|
|
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
О̀ о̀
|
|
|
|
Bulgarian | Serbian | Macedonian
|
|
О̂ о̂
|
|
|
|
Udege | Rusyn | Bulgarian
|
|
О̃ о̃
|
|
|
|
Khinalug
|
|
О̄ о̄
|
|
|
|
Carpatho-Rusyn | Northern Mansi
|
|
О̆ о̆
|
|
|
|
Itelmen | Khanty
|
|
Оу оу
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic alphabet
|
|
Р̌ р̌
|
|
formerly
|
|
Nivkh | Polish
|
|
Р҄ р҄
|
|
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
С́ с́
|
|
|
|
Montenegrin
|
|
С̣ с̣
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
С̱ с̠
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
Т̌ т̌
|
|
1872
|
|
Chuvash | Shughni | Wakhi
|
|
Т̣ т̣
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
У̀ у̀
|
|
|
|
Bulgarian
|
|
У́ у́
|
|
formerly
|
|
Russian | Karachay-Balkar
|
|
У̃ у̃
|
|
|
|
Khinalug
|
|
Х̑ х̑
|
|
|
|
Aleut
|
|
Х̣ х̣
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
Х̮ х̮
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
Х̱ х̠
|
|
|
|
Cyrillization of Arabic
|
|
Х҄ х҄
|
|
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
Ш̆ ш̆
|
|
formerly
|
|
Abkhaz language
|
|
Ъ̀ ъ̀
|
|
|
|
Bulgarian
|
|
Ы̂ ы̂
|
|
formerly
|
|
Udege
|
|
Ы̃ ы̃
|
|
1890s
|
|
Moksha
|
|
Ы̄ ы̄
|
|
Bering dialect
|
|
Aleut | Evenki | Northern Mansi | Nanai | Negidal | Ulch | Selkup
|
|
Ы̆ ы̆
|
|
1923-1938 | old
|
|
Moksha | Mari
|
|
Э̄ э̄
|
|
Bering dialect
|
|
Aleut | Evenki | Northern Mansi | Nanai | Negidal | Orok | Ulch | Kildin Sami | Selkup | Chechen
|
|
Э̆ э̆
|
|
|
|
Tundra Nenets
|
|
Э̇ э̇
|
|
|
|
Tundra Nenets
|
|
Ю̀ ю̀
|
|
|
|
Bulgarian
|
|
Ю̂ ю̂
|
|
formerly
|
|
Udege
|
|
Ю̄ ю̄
|
|
Bering dialect
|
|
Aleut | Evenki | Northern Mansi | Nanai | Negidal | Orok | Ulch | Kildin Sami | Selkup | Chechen
|
|
Ю̆ ю̆
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
Ю̈ ю̈
|
|
formerly
|
|
Selkup | Karelian
|
|
Ю̈́ ю̈́
|
|
|
|
Rusyn
|
|
Я̀ я̀
|
|
not individual letter, used in dialectology
|
|
Bulgarian
|
|
Я̂ я̂
|
|
formerly
|
|
Udege
|
|
Я̄ я̄
|
|
formerly
|
|
Kildin Sami | Udege | Northern Mansi
|
|
Я̆ я̆
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
Я̈ я̈
|
|
|
|
Selkup
|
|
Ѡ ѡ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ѣ ѣ
|
|
until 1918 | until 1945 | until 1945 | until 1945 | recurring in 1991
|
|
Early Cyrillic | Proto-Slavic | Russian | Bulgarian | Ukrainian | Rusyn
|
|
Ѥ ѥ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ѧ ѧ
|
|
|
|
Common Slavonic | Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ѩ ѩ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ѫ ѫ
|
|
|
|
Common Slavonic | Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ѭ ѭ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ѯ ѯ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic | Church Slavonic
|
|
Ѱ ѱ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ѳ ѳ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ѵ ѵ
|
|
to 1897 | to 1926 | until 1918 in a few rare Greek words | until the 19th century
|
|
Udmurt | Abkhaz | Russian | Serbian | Church Slavonic
|
|
Ѷ ѷ
|
|
New
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
Ѻ ѻ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ѽ ѽ
|
|
Historic
|
|
Slavic languages
|
|
Ѿ ѿ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ҁ ҁ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ҋ ҋ
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ҍ ҍ
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ҏ ҏ
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ґ ґ
|
|
Classical Orthography
|
|
Ukrainian | Belarusian | Rusyn
|
|
Ғ ғ
|
|
to 1991
|
|
Kazakh | Uzbek | Bashkir | Tajik | Azerbaijani
|
|
Ғ̌ ғ̌
|
|
|
|
Shughni
|
|
Ҕ ҕ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz | Yakut
|
|
Җ җ
|
|
|
|
Dungan | Tatar | Turkmen
|
|
Ҙ ҙ
|
|
|
|
Bashkir | Wakhi
|
|
Қ қ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz | Kazakh | Khanty | Wakhi
|
|
Ҝ ҝ
|
|
|
|
Azerbaijani
|
|
Ҟ ҟ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ҡ ҡ
|
|
|
|
Bashkir
|
|
Ң ң
|
|
|
|
Dungan | Kazakh | Tatar | Turkmen | Bashkir | Khakasian | Khanty | Uzbek | Kyrgyz
|
|
Ҥ ҥ
|
|
|
|
Altay | Meadow Mari | Yakut
|
|
Ҧ ҧ
|
|
|
|
Old orthographies for Abkhaz
|
|
Ҩ ҩ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ҫ ҫ
|
|
|
|
Bashkir | Chuvash | Nganasan
|
|
Ҭ ҭ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ү ү
|
|
|
|
Kazakh | Mongolian | Karakalpak | Tatar | Bashkir | Kyrgyz | Dungan
|
|
Ү́ ү́
|
|
|
|
Mongolian
|
|
Ұ ұ
|
|
|
|
Kazakh
|
|
Ҳ ҳ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz | Khanty | Tajik | Uzbek | Wakhi
|
|
Ҵ ҵ
|
|
|
|
Abkhasian
|
|
Ҷ ҷ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz | Khanty | Tajik | Wakhi
|
|
Ҷ̣ ҷ̣
|
|
|
|
Wakhi
|
|
Ҹ ҹ
|
|
|
|
Azerbaijani
|
|
Һ һ
|
|
|
|
Kazakh | Bashkir | Siberian Tatar | Sakha | Kalmyk
|
|
Ҽ ҽ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ҿ ҿ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ӏ ӏ
|
|
|
|
Abaza | Adyghe | Avar | Chechen | Dargwa | Ingush | Kabardian | Lak | Lezgian | Tabassaran
|
|
Ӂ ӂ
|
|
|
|
Moldavian
|
|
Ӄ ӄ
|
|
formally
|
|
Aleut | Khanty | Abkhaz
|
|
Ӆ ӆ
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ӈ ӈ
|
|
|
|
Aleut | Kildin Sami | Khanty | Nenets | Northern Mansi
|
|
Ӊ ӊ
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ӌ ӌ
|
|
|
|
Khakas
|
|
Ӎ ӎ
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ӑ ӑ
|
|
|
|
Chuvash | Khanty
|
|
Ӓ ӓ
|
|
|
|
Hill Mari | Kildin Sami | Khanty | Serbian
|
|
Ӓ̄ ӓ̄
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ӕ ӕ
|
|
|
|
Ossetian
|
|
Ӗ ӗ
|
|
|
|
Chuvash
|
|
Ә ә
|
|
|
|
Kazakh
|
|
Ә́ ә́
|
|
|
|
Tatar
|
|
Ә̃ ә̃
|
|
|
|
Khinalug
|
|
Ӛ ӛ
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
Ӝ ӝ
|
|
|
|
Udmurt
|
|
Ӟ ӟ
|
|
|
|
Udmurt
|
|
Ӡ ӡ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz | Uilta
|
|
Ӣ ӣ
|
|
|
|
Northern Mansi | Tajik | Bulgarian | Serbian
|
|
Ӥ ӥ
|
|
|
|
Udmurt | Russian
|
|
Ӧ ӧ
|
|
|
|
Hill Mari | Meadow Mari | Khakas | Khanty | Udmurt | Russian
|
|
Ө ө
|
|
to 1991
|
|
Bashkir | Buryat | Kalmyk | Kazakh | Khanty | Kyrgyz | Tatar | Tuvan | Mongolian | Yakut | Azerbaijani
|
|
Ө́ ө́
|
|
|
|
Bashkir
|
|
Ө̄ ө̄
|
|
|
|
Negidal | Orok | Selkup
|
|
Ө̆ ө̆
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
Ӫ ӫ
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
Ӭ ӭ
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ӭ́ ӭ́
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ӭ̄ ӭ̄
|
|
|
|
Kildin Sami
|
|
Ӯ ӯ
|
|
|
|
Carpatho-Rusyn | Tajik | Northern Mansi
|
|
Ӱ ӱ
|
|
|
|
Hill Mari | Meadow Mari | Khakas | Khanty | Rusyn
|
|
Ӱ́ ӱ́
|
|
|
|
Rusyn
|
|
Ӳ ӳ
|
|
|
|
Chuvash
|
|
Ӵ ӵ
|
|
|
|
Udmurt
|
|
Ӷ ӷ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz | Aleut
|
|
Ӹ ӹ
|
|
|
|
Hill Mari | Northwestern Mari
|
|
Ӻ ӻ
|
|
|
|
Nivkh
|
|
Ӽ ӽ
|
|
formerly
|
|
Aleut | Nivkh | Itelmen | Khanty | Abkhaz
|
|
Ӿ ӿ
|
|
|
|
Nivkh
|
|
Ԁ ԁ
|
|
1919—1940
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԃ ԃ
|
|
1919—1940
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԅ ԅ
|
|
1919—1940
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԇ ԇ
|
|
1919—1940
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԉ ԉ
|
|
1919—1940
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԋ ԋ
|
|
1919—1940
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԍ ԍ
|
|
1919—1940
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԏ ԏ
|
|
1919—1940
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԑ ԑ
|
|
|
|
Enets | Khanty
|
|
Ԑ̈ ԑ̈
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
Ԓ ԓ
|
|
|
|
Chukchi | Khanty | Itelmen
|
|
Ԕ ԕ
|
|
|
|
Early orthographies for Mordvin Erzya and Moksha
|
|
Ԗ ԗ
|
|
|
|
Early orthographies for Mordvin Erzya and Moksha
|
|
Ԙ ԙ
|
|
|
|
Early orthographies for Mordvin Erzya and Moksha
|
|
Ԛ ԛ
|
|
|
|
Old Abkhaz | Kurdish
|
|
Ԝ ԝ
|
|
|
|
Kurdish | Yaghnobi | Tundra Yukaghir
|
|
Ԟ ԟ
|
|
|
|
Aleut
|
|
Ԡ ԡ
|
|
1872
|
|
Chuvash
|
|
Ԣ ԣ
|
|
1872 | to 1897
|
|
Chuvash | Udmurt
|
|
Ԥ ԥ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ԧ ԧ
|
|
1939-1991
|
|
Azerbaijani Cyrillic
|
|
Ԩ ԩ
|
|
|
|
Orok
|
|
Ԫ ԫ
|
|
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԭ ԭ
|
|
formerly
|
|
Komi
|
|
Ԯ ԯ
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
|
|
|
|
Khanty
|
|
ᴫ
|
|
|
|
Uralic Phonetic Alphabet
|
|
ᵸ
|
|
|
|
Bezhta | Hunzib | Godoberi
|
|
Ꙁ ꙁ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic alphabet
|
|
Ꙃ ꙃ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic alphabet
|
|
Ꙅ ꙅ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic | Ukrainian | Russian | Romanian
|
|
Ꙇ ꙇ
|
|
|
|
Cyrillic transcription of Glagolitic
|
|
Ꙉ ꙉ
|
|
|
|
Church Slavonic
|
|
Ꙋ ꙋ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ꙍ ꙍ
|
|
Historically
|
|
Slavic languages
|
|
Ꙏ ꙏ
|
|
|
|
Late Medieval Russian transcription
|
|
Ꙑ ꙑ
|
|
now Ы
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ꙓ ꙓ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ꙕ ꙕ
|
|
|
|
Early East Slavic | Early Bulgarian
|
|
Ꙗ ꙗ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ꙙ ꙙ
|
|
|
|
Common Slavonic | Early Cyrillic | Middle Bulgarian
|
|
Ꙛ ꙛ
|
|
|
|
Middle Bulgarian
|
|
Ꙝ ꙝ
|
|
as variant of iotated little yus
|
|
Old Church Slavonic | Middle Bulgarian
|
|
Ꙟ ꙟ
|
|
Cyrillic
|
|
Romanian
|
|
Ꙡ ꙡ
|
|
|
|
Old Novgorodian
|
|
Ꙣ ꙣ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ꙥ ꙥ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ꙧ ꙧ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
|
Ꙩ ꙩ
|
|
14th - 15th centuries
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ꙫ ꙫ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ꙭ ꙭ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
ꙮ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ꚁ ꚁ
|
|
1909—1926
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ꚃ ꚃ
|
|
1909—1926
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ꚅ ꚅ
|
|
|
|
Abkhazian
|
|
Ꚅ̆ꚅ̆
|
|
formerly
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ꚅꚅ
|
|
formerly
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ꚇ ꚇ
|
|
to 1926
|
|
Abkhasian
|
|
Ꚉ ꚉ
|
|
replaced by Ӡ
|
|
Abkhazian | Komi
|
|
Ꚋ ꚋ
|
|
1909—1926 | 1872
|
|
Abkhaz | Chuvash
|
|
Ꚍ ꚍ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ꚏ ꚏ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ꚑ ꚑ
|
|
to 1926 | 1889
|
|
Abkhasian | Avar
|
|
Ꚓ ꚓ
|
|
1909—1926
|
|
Abkhasian
|
|
Ꚕ ꚕ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ꚗ ꚗ
|
|
|
|
Abkhaz
|
|
Ꚙ ꚙ
|
|
|
|
Early Cyrillic
|
|
Ꚛ ꚛ
|
|
|
|
Old Church Slavonic
|
