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Alkynes (Organic Chemistry)

Fill in the Missing Words Source: Klein 4e
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Last updated: May 31, 2024
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First submittedMay 31, 2024
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Hint
Answer
An alkyne consists of one _____ and two __ Bonds
Sigma, Pi
The bond angle of an alkyne is ___ degrees
180
pH of terminal alkynes
25
The hybridization of alkynes is __
sp
What base is commonly used to deprotonate an alkyne?
NaNH2
What starting material is used to make an alkyne?
alkyl dihalide
What does geminal dihalide mean? Two halogens attached to the ____ carbon atom
same
What is a vicinal dihalide? Two halogens attached to _______ carbon atoms
adjacent
What reaction mechanism is used when forming an alkyne from an alkyl dihalide?
E2
Reduction of alkynes is performed with H2 and a platinum, nickel or a palladium catalyst. What type of catalyst is used when you want the reaction to stop at a cis alkene?
Poisoned catalyst
What reagents make up "Lindlar's catalyst"
Pd, CaCO3, PbO2
What is the P-2 catalyst (another poisoned catalyst)
Ni2B
Poisoned catalysts work by catalyzing the _____ step but not the ______ step
first, second
What reagents are used to get a trans alkene from an internal alkyne?
Na, NH3 (l)
This is a three step reaction with a _______ ____ intermediate
radical anion
The intermediate takes the trans position because _____ repulsion
electron
First (1)______ donates an electron, forming the radical intermediate, the anion takes a proton from (2)_______, then (1) _____ donates another electron to form an anion that finally takes another proton from (2) _______ to finish the reaction.
sodium, ammonia
How to reduce a terminal alkyne to alkene?
H2, Poisoned catalyst
Why can't you use Na and NH3 (l) to reduce a terminal alkyne to an alkene? The alkyne will be ___________
deprotonated
In hydrohalogenation of alkynes with one equivalent of HX, X adds via ___________ addition
Markovnikov
With xs HX, X adds via Markovnikov addition and makes a _______ dihalide
geminal
The mechanism for hydrohalogenation is ___molecular
ter
Rate = k [______] [__]^2
alkyne, HX
In prescence of peroxides, HBr undergoes ____-__________ addition
anti markovnikov
The reaction gives a mixture of _ and _ alkenes
E,Z
To go from an alkyl dihalide use xs_____, ___ (l), and H2O afterwards
NaNH2, NH3
hydration of alkynes proceeds via __________ addition
Markovnikov
A key intermediate being the _________ ion
Mercurium
Water will carry out a ____________ ______
nucleophilic attack
proton transfers and replacement of mercury yields an ____
Enol
It will then tautomerize into a ______
Ketone
`The three reactants needed for this reaction are _____, ___, _____
HgSO4, H2O, H2SO4
Hydroboration-Oxidation of alkynes proceeds via ____-___________ addition
anti Markovnikov
The reaction yields an ________ instead of a ketone
aldehyde
Halogenation of alkynes needs __ as a reactant
X2
1 equivalent of X2 gives an ______ (E being major product)
alkene
xs X2 yields a __________
tetrahalide
Ozonolysis yields __________ ____ and/or _____ ______ when it is a terminal alkyne
carboxylic acids carbon dioxide
The first step of alkylating an alkyne is ____________ with NaNH2
deprotonation
Then, the alkynide ion can be used in an ___ reaction with RX
SN2
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