|
Hint
|
Answer
|
|
alkane to halogenoalkane
|
halogen, UV light
|
|
alkene to alkane
|
hydrogen, nickel catalyst, 150C
|
|
alkene to halogenoalkane
|
hydrogen halide, RTP
|
|
alkene to alcohol
|
steam, phosphoric acid catalyst, 300C, 70atm
|
|
alkene to dihalogenoalkane
|
halogen, RTP
|
|
alkene to diol
|
acidified potassium manganate
|
|
halogenoalkane to alkene
|
ethanolic potassium hydroxide, reflux
|
|
halogenoalkane to primary amine
|
excess, ethanolic ammonia, reflux, sealed flask
|
|
halogenoalkane to nitrile
|
ethanolic potassium cyanide,reflux
|
|
halogenoalkane to alcohol
|
aqueous potassium hydroxide, reflux
|
|
alcohol to iodolkane
|
potassium triiodide made in-situ using red phosphorus and iodine
|
|
alcohol to bromoalkane
|
potassium bromide in 50% concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst
|
|
alcohol to chloroalkane
|
concentrated phosphorus pentachloride
|
|
alcohol to alkene
|
concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst, 170C
|
|
alcohol to ester
|
carboxylic acid, sulfuric acid catalyst, reflux
|
|
primary alcohol to aldehyde/carboxylic acid
|
dilute sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate, reflux
|
|
secondary alcohol to ketone
|
dilute sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate, reflux
|
|
aldehyde to hydroxynitrile
|
ethanolic hydrogen cyanide, reflux
|
|
carboxylic acid to primary alcohol
|
acidified lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether
|
|
carboxylic acid to ester
|
alcohol, sulfuric acid catalyst, reflux
|
|
carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
|
phosphorus pentachloride
|
|
nitrile to carboxylic acid
|
dilute hydrochloric acid, reflux
|
|
nitrile to primary amine
|
acidified lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether
|
|
acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
|
water, hydrogen chloride byproduct
|
|
|
Hint
|
Answer
|
|
acyl chloride to ester
|
alcohol, hydrogen chloride byproduct
|
|
acyl chloride to amide
|
ammonia, hydrogen chloride byproduct
|
|
acyl chloride to n-substituted amide
|
primary amine, hydrogen chloride byproduct, may form an ammonium salt
|
|
ester to alcohol and carboxylic acid
|
acid hydrolysis, dilute sulfuric acid, reflux
|
|
ester to alcohol and carboxylate salt
|
base hydrolysis, dilute sodium hydroxide, reflux
|
|
primary amine to higher order amine
|
warmed, excess, ethanolic halogenoalkane
|
|
primary amine to salt
|
acid
|
|
primary amine to n-substituted amide
|
acyl chloride, hydrogen chloride byproduct, may form an ammonium salt
|
|
primary amine to basic solution
|
dissolve in water
|
|
primary amine to complex ion with copper ions
|
copper (ii) sulfate
|
|
nitration of benzene
|
concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, concentrated nitric acid, below 55C
|
|
bromination of benzene
|
bromine, iron (iii) bromide catalyst, reflux
|
|
chlorination of benzene
|
chlorine, aluminium chloride catalyst, reflux
|
|
friedel-craft acylation
|
acyl chloride, aluminium chloride catalyst, reflux
|
|
friedel-craft alkylation
|
halogenoalkane, aluminium chloride catalyst, reflux
|
|
nitrobenzene to phenylamine
|
tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid, reflux, add sodium hydroxide
|
|
nitration of phenol
|
nitric acid, RTP
|
|
bromination of phenol
|
bromine water, RTP
|
|
halogenoalkane to Grignard reagent
|
magnesium, dry ether, reflux
|
|
Grignard reagent to carboxylic acid
|
carbon dioxide, dry ether, dilute hydrochloric acid
|
|
Grignard reagent to primary alcohol
|
methanal, dry ether, dilute hydrochloric acid
|
|
Grignard reagent to secondary alcohol
|
aldehydes, dry ether, dilute hydrochloric acid
|
|
Grignard reagent to tertiary alcohol
|
ketones, dry ether, dilute hydrochloric acid
|
|
