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Hint
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Answer
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Kinetic energy is energy of
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movement
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Energy using the flow of electrons is
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electrical
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Electrons are _____ charged
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negatively/negative
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The sun uses nuclear ______ to stay alive
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fusion
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Nuclear bombs use nuclear ______
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fission
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Heat transfer between solids
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conduction
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Heat transfer between liquids and gases
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convection
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Which type of solid are best at conducting?
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metals
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Heat transfer via infared rays
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radiation
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Formula for kinetic energy (write squared as ^2)
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1/2mv^2
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Formula for potential gravitational energy (write squared as ^2)
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mgh
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Sound energy is a type of _____ energy
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kinetic
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Conduction, convection and radiation all fall under ___ energy
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thermal
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Energy can be neither _____ nor destroyed
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created
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Energy is measured in:
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Joules
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Forces are measured in:
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Newtons
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Voltmeters measure:
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Volts
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Currents are measured by:
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Ammeters
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Rate of energy transfer is measured in:
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Watts
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Electric resistance is measured in
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Ohms
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6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 is?
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Photosynthesis
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What does C6H12O6 represent?
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glucose
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The transfer of liquids and gases from high to low concentration is called:
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Diffusion
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____ is when two liquids like water of different concentrations separated by a semipermeable (only allows certain things through) attempt to equalise the concentrations of both solutions.
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osmosis
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This causes water (molecules) to move ______.
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up/upwards
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Xylem carries dissolved solutes and ____.
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Water
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Used for transporting glucose and amino acids
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phloem
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The xylem carries things in ___ direction/s (1, 2) (you might as well guess)
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1/one
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The phloem carries things in ___ direction/s
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2/two
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Which way does the xylem go?
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up
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The outside of the ____ is dead, and made of a wood-like material.
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xylem
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The outside of the ____ is alive, and needs to be supported.
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Phloem
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Photosynthesis is done by which part of the cell?
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chloroplasts
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These cells contain _____ which actually does the photosynthesising.
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chlorophyll
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What is the anther held up by?
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filament
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The ovary protects the ___
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ovule
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Male sex cells are produced by the __
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anther
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Female sex cells are produced by the __
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ovule
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Xylem and phloem are grouped together by the ____ ____.
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vascular bundles
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Cambium cells can transform into ___ and ____ cells.
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xylem, phloem
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Xylem and phloem are separated by the ____.
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cambium
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Flaccid leaves ____
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droop/drop/hang
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Turgid leaves stay ____
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firm/upright
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The end of the stem is called the ____
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receptacle
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The ____ protect the petals.
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sepal
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The transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma is called ___
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pollination
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Cross pollination requires ___ plants.
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two
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Self pollination is transfer of pollen from stamen to ____ of the same plant.
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pistils
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Sexual reproduction increases genetic ____
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diversity/difference/variety
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Cutting is a form of ____ reproduction
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asexual
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Stems that grow horizontally ABOVE the ground
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runner
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Stems that grow horizontally BELOW the ground
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rhizome
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Plants use ___, scent and nectar to try and attract pollinators.
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color/colour
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The parent in sexual reproduction turns x 2ns into two 2ns. What is 'x'?
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1/a letter
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Male sex cells (in plants) are:
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pollen
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Female sex cells are:
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eggs
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Sex cells in general are called:
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gametes
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There are two types of digestion: mechanical and _____
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chemical
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What is the acid in the stomach?
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HCl/Hydrochloric acid
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Teeth aid in ____ digestion
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mechanical
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The flap in your mouth that prevents food going straight down is called the
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epiglottis
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Saliva converts carbohydrates and starches into
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sugar/glucose
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What makes food move down in the oesophagus?
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Peristalsis
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Concentration of Hydrogen ions compared to pure water is called
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pH
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Finger-like objects in the small intestine to increase surface area (and thus, absorption of nutrients)
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villi
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Even smaller finger-like objects to increase surface area
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microvilli
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The large intestine's job is to ____ what the small intestine didn't
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absorb
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The GI (gastrointestinal) tract is the path in which ___ travels
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food
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The liver, gall bladder and pancreas are all ____ organs.
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accessory
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The liver produces ___
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bile
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The pancreas create pancreatic juices, which are digestive ____
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enzymes
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The circulatory system contains two main parts: a network of tubes and the ____
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heart
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Blood is pumped away from the heart via
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arteries
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Blood is pumped to the heart via
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veins
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Extremely small veins are called;
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venules
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The veins and arteries are connected via the
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capillaries
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Deoxygenated blood enters the heart via the
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vena cava
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The atrium at the ___ of the heart (funny latin way of remembering this lol)
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top
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The first time the blood leaves the heart, the blood is ______.
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deoxygenated
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Where does the blood go to after it leaves the heart the first time?
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lungs
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This is done by the ____ ____.
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pulmonary artery
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The lungs ____ the blood.
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oxygenate
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The right side of the heart contains _____ blood
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deoxygenated
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Plasma makes up __% of the blood (round to nearest 10 or 1 are both acceptable)
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50/55/55.5/56/60
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Red blood cells make up % of the blood (round to nearest 10 or 1 are both acceptable)
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40/44/45/50
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The remaining 0.5% covers the ____ and the white blood cells.
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platelets
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Red blood cells contain ____, which transports oxygen.
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haemoglobin
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The chemical formula for haemoglobin is: (troll question, type 1 to skip)
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C2952 H4464N3248O812S8Fe4/1
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Which blood cells are the only blood cell to have a nucleus?
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White blood cells
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___ (fatty substance) can narrow arteries
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cholesterol
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What are small airways that let air travel through to the alveoli?
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Bronchi/Bronchus
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Even tinier splits made only of smooth muscle, and are attached to the previous answer.
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Bronchiole
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___ are small air sacs
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alveoli/alveolus
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The ___ follows the pharynx (going down)
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epiglottis
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Above the trachea is the ___
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larynx
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After blood reaches the alveoli, there is diffusion of oxygen into the _____
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bloodstream
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The ribcage is ___ when breathing in
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raised
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The diaphragm is ___ when breathing in
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lowered
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Amount of oxygen in the air (nearest %)
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21
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Amount of CO2 in the air (nearest %)
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0
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Amount of pure oxygen in exhaled air (nearest %)
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16
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Amount of CO2 in exhaled air (nearest %)
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5
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How many bones are there in a human body? (adult)
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206/207 if you broke one :)
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Bones form the ____ system
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skeletal
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The largest bone in the body is the ___
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femur
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The bone marrow works with the _____ bone, which contains nerves and blood vessels
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spongy/sponge
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The _____ covers the bone, and is a living membrane
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periosteum
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The dead (and outermost) part of the bone is called the ______ bone
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compact
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The two types of joints are the synovial joints and the ______ joints.
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immovable
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The knuckle is a ___ joint.
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hinge
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____ joints allow the bones to rotate
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pivot
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Bones are often connected by ligaments, which are fibrous _____
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tissue/tissues
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The ends of the fingers and toes are called the ____
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phalanges
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Flexibility of the bones comes from ____
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protein/proteins
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The innermost part of the bone is called the bone x and is responsible for making y. Find x.
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marrow
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The innermost part of the bone is called the bone x and is responsible for making y. Find y.
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blood
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The axial division of the skeletal system has __ bones.
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80/eighty
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Movement is mainly made possible by the ____ division of the skeletal system.
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appendicular
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The purpose of the skull is to protect the ___.
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head/brain
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Muscle fibres form ____
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muscle
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The strength of a muscle depends on the ___.
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fibres
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______ fibres are best for explosive movements.
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fast-twitch/fast-oxidative
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There are _ types of muscles
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3
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Which one of these is the only one that has voluntary movement?
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skeletal
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Muscles are attached to bone by ____.
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tendons
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The muscle that protects the heart is called the ____ muscle
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cardiac
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The disease where the body mistakenly attacks itself is called Multiple ____.
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sclerosis
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_____ muscles are attached to bones.
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skeletal
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The _____ is responsible for allowing skeletal muscles to have voluntary movement.
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spongy/tendon
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Power is determined by the number of muscles that ____
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contract/retract
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When your arm is straightened, this means your _____ has contracted.
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triceps
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Which one of these is the only one that is non-striated?
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smooth
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Biceps face _____.
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up/upwards
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Tendons do not change in _____.
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length
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_____ is when you feel tired/have low energy that doesn't go away with sleeping or rest.
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fatigue
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To take out of your body is to _____.
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excrete
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This process is necessary to keep ____ alive.
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cells
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The kidneys filter out excess water and ___, a poisonous chemical.
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urea
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The skin excretes small traces of urea and water as ____.
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sweat
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Chemical formula for urea (kind of troll, just answer 1 to skip though)
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1/CO(NH2)2
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The lungs filter out __ from the blood
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CO2/carbon dioxide
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____ contains oxygen, which is carried around the body.
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Haemoglobin/red blood cells
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_______ means to balance and regulate
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Homeostatic
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The _____ regulate pH levels, salt and water levels, and blood composition.
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kidneys
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The ____ capsule is the outermost of the kidney, surrounding it.
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renal
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The ____ is a lighter-coloured section of the kidney, near the outside.
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cortex
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The medulla is a ____-coloured section of the kidney, at around the middle.
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darker
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Both of these contain ____.
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nephrons/atoms/cells
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The nephrons intertwine with _____ to form a sieve-like structure
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arteries
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The job of the nephrons is to detect ____ products and excrete them
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waste/unneeded
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The renal _____ brings blood to the kidney.
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artery
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The renal _____ brings blood away from the kidney.
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vein
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The tube between the kidney and the bladder is called the
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ureter
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The bladder stores ____, a combination of urea, water and other dissolved substances.
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urine
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The ____ excretes [answer to previous question] out of the body.
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urethra
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The two hormones of the kidney are the Antidiuretic Hormone and ____.
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Aldosterone
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Amount of kidneys in the body
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2
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Amount of kidneys necessary to survive
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1
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_____ in urine indicates the kidneys are not working
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Protein
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Blood in urine indicates kidney _____.
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infection
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Urine is mainly composed of
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water
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Urine can also be used to test for ____ like m*th*mph*t*m*n* (asterisks used to prevent JetPunk cancelling me)
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drugs/PED's
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We have __ trillion cells in the human body
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30
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The aim of the reproductive system is to create ___.
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new life/life
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Mitosis creates x cells from 1 parent cell
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2
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The daughter cells of mitosis are _____ to the parent.
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identical
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Mitosis is used to ____ cells.
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repair/replace
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Meiosis has _ stages
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2
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The parent cell has __ chromosomes
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46/2n
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After meiosis, there are _ cells.
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4
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Each of these cells contain only __% of the parent cell
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50
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This means they have __ chromosomes
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23/1n/n
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Meiosis is only used to create ____
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gametes/sex cells
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Male gamete
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sperm
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Female gamete
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egg
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_____ muscle cells are unable to divide
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skeletal/cardiac
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Chemicals and the sunlight's __ rays can alter genetic code of the cells
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UV/ultraviolet
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When cells divide uncontrollably, it is known as
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cancer
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Sperm fertilises with the egg to form a ___
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zygote
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Following this, they turn into an ____
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embryo
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After approximately 8-9 months, they come out of the body to form a ____
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newborn/baby
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Testes are designed to make ____ and hormones.
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sperm
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The horomone the testes make is called ______.
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testosterone
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Sperm is stored in the _____, where temperature is regulated.
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scrotum
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Sperm travels up the ____ ____.
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sperm duct
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This also has another name: the ___ ____.
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vas deferens
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Above this is the ____ ___.
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seminal gland
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Here, ___ is added
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seminal fluid
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The composition of this is mainly water and ____.
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C6H12O6/glucose
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This combined fluid is now called ___.
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semen
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This substance then travels through the ____
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urethra
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The ovaries in the female reproductive system hold the ____.
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eggs/ovum
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The _____ ___ is where sperm will fertilise the egg (if present).
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fallopian tube
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The _____ is where the zygote will grow.
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uterus
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The ___ breaks in the uterus, causing the lining of blood to break.
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egg
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The cervix only allows certain fluids through, including sperm and menstrual ____.
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blood
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The ____ guides the penis to the correct place.
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vagina
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Every 28 days, a ____ will occur, where blood exits the body via the vagina.
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period
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The time when the ovaries stop functioning is caused ____.
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menopause
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When a female and male gamete meet, this is called _____.
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fertilisation
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