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Hint
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Answer
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It is the best of the traditional clearing agents for routine use
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chloroform
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It is miscible with absolute alcohol and paraffin
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xylene, toluene, benzene
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It is slower in action than xylene, but causes less brittleness
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chloroform
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These are slow-acting clearing agents that can be used when double embedding techniques are required.
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Methyl benzoate
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It removes aniline dyes and dissolves Celloidin; Tissues become brittle
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clove oil
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Can be used with celloidin sections
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xylene
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Properties are very similar to chloroform but it is cheaper
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CCl4
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Recommended for clearing embryos, insects and very delicate specimens since it clears 70% alcohol without excessive tissue shrinkage and hardening
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aniline oil
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It does not make tissues transparent and it is toxic to the liver (hepatotoxic) after prolonged inhalation
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chloroform
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Clearing time of toluene
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1-2 hours
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Best for nervous tissue, lymph nodes, granulation tissue, and fetal and other delicate, highly cellular specimens, all of which tend to become distorted and to break up on sectioning if cleared in xylene, toluene, or benzene
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chloroform
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Recommended for CNS tissues and cytological studies (esp. Smooth muscles and skin)
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cedarwood oil
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Block size for xylene
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<5 mm
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Not suitable for routine purposes because it is expensive
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clove oil
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Its quality is not guaranteed due to its tendency to be adulterated
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clove oil
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Gives the widest latitude
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chloroform
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clearing time of cedarwood oil
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2-3 days
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Cheap and does not extract out aniline dyes
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xylene
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It causes considerable hardening and shrinkage of tissues; hence, is not suitable for nervous tissues and lymph nodes.
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xylene
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Causes minimum shrinkage of tissues
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clove oil
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Rapid acting, recommended for urgent biopsies and routine purposes
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benzene
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Dehydrates and clears at the same time since it is miscible in both water and paraffin
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Tetrahydrofuran
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Highly flammable
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xylene, benzene
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Urgent biopsy clearing time of xylene
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15-30 minutes
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Quality is not always uniform and good and is extremely slow
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cedarwood oil
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An excellent and true clearing agent
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xylene
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Clearing time of benzene
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15-60 minutes
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Usual clearing time of xylene
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1/2-2 hours
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It becomes milky on prolonged storage
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cedarwood oil
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It is not carcinogenic but highly concentrated emit fumes that are toxic upon prolonged exposure
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Toluene
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If tissue or section is incompletely dehydrated, it becomes milky
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xylene
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It acts slower than benzene and is expensive
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Toluene
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Toxic on prolonged exposure
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CCl4
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It is recommended for tough (skin, fibroid and decalcified tissues) and large tissue specimens
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chloroform
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Very expensive and it requires 2 changes in clearing solution
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cedarwood oil
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Clears both Paraffin and Celloidin sections
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cedarwood oil
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Substitute to xylene or benzene
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toluene
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The most rapid clearing agent
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xylene
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Carcinogenic or may damage bone marrow (Aplastic anemia; If antibiotic: Chloramphenicol)
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benzene
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clearing time of chloroform
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6-24 hours
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