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Leaders of Germany Since 1900

The paramount leader refers to who had de-facto control of Germany. After 1949, this refers to the Chancellor outside of the German Democratic Republic. The head of state refers to the monarch or president of Germany
Red represents the Social Democratic Party and dark red represents the. Socialist Unity Party
Black represents the Christian Democratic Union and dark yellow represents the Free Democratic Party
Yellow represents the Monarchy, grey represents foreign occupation, and orange represents the military/Nazi Party
Blue represents the Christian Democratic Union of East Germany and dark orange represents the Liberal Democratic Party of East Germany
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LinBiao
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Last updated: March 8, 2025
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First submittedMarch 8, 2025
Times taken122
Average score26.2%
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Germany
Time in Office
Paramount Leader
Time in Office
Head of State
1890-1916
Wilhelm II
1890-1918
Wilhelm II
1916-1918
Paul von Hindenburg
Erich Ludendorff
1918-1925
Friedrich Ebert
1918-1925
Friedrich Ebert
1925-1933
Paul von Hindenburg
1925-1933
Paul von Hindenburg
1933-1945
Adolf Hitler
1933-1934
1934-1945
Adolf Hitler
1945
Karl Donitz
1945
Karl Donitz
1945-1949
Military Occupation (None)
1945-1949
Military Occupation (None)
1949-1963
Konrad Adenauer
1949-1959
Theodor Heuss
1959-1963
Heinrich Lubke
1963-1966
Ludwig Erhard
1963-1966
1966-1969
Kurt Georg Kiesinger
1966-1969
1969
Gustav Heinemann
1969-1974
Willy Brandt
1969-1974
1974
Walter Scheel
1974
1974-1982
Helmut Schmidt
1974
1974-1979
Walter Scheel
1979-1982
Karl Carstens
1982-1998
Helmut Kohl
1982-1984
1984-1994
Richard von Weizsacker
1994-1998
Roman Herzog
1998-2005
Gerhard Schroder
1998-1999
1999-2004
Johannes Rau
2004-2005
Horst Kohler
2005-2021
Angela Merkel
2005-2010
(Acting) 2010
Jens Bohrnsen
2010-2012
Christian Wulff
(Acting) 2012
Horst Seehofer
2012-2017
Joachim Gauck
2017-2021
Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2021-
Olaf Scholz
2021-
German Democratic Republic
Time in Office
Paramount Leader
Time in Office
Head of State
1945-1949
Joseph Stalin
1945-1949
Joseph Stalin
1949-1950
Otto Grotewohl
(Acting) 1949
Johannes Dieckmann
1949-1950
Wilhelm Pieck
1950-1971
Walter Ulbricht
1950-1960
(Acting) 1960
Johannes Dieckmann
1960-1971
Walter Ulbricht
1971-1989
Erich Honecker
1971-1973
(Acting) 1973
Friedrich Ebert Jr.
1973-1976
Willi Stoph
1976-1989
Erich Honecker
1989
Egon Krenz
1989
1989
Egon Krenz
1989-1990
Hans Modrow
1989
1989-1990
Manfred Gerlach
1990
Sabine Bergmann-Pohl
1990
Lothar de Maizière
1990
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