Park Chung-Hee's Korea: 1961-1979

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Last updated: December 11, 2024
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First submittedOctober 18, 2024
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Seizing Power: 1961-1963
After the fall of Syngman Rhee from power, this man controlled the South Korean government as prime minister
Chang Myon
Name of the successful coup orchestrated by Park that ousted the above
May 16th Coup
Army chief of staff who sided with Park in the coup. He would be made the figurehead leader of the new government until he was arrested a couple months later
Chang Do-yong
Name of the military junta that was formed in the aftermath of the coup. It would be dissolved in 1963
Supreme Council for National Reconstruction
Not taking the position of president, Park kept this man in office from the previous government as a figurehead
Yun Posun
Intelligence agency that was formed to support Park's rule
Korean Central Intelligence Agency
The first director of the above who established it
Kim Jong-pil
Park sought to actively improve relations with this country in order to boost his legitimacy as the new ruler of South Korea
The United States
However, his alleged ties with this communist organization in 1948, hurt his image abroad
Workers' Party of South Korea
Domestically, due to his service in the Manchukuo Imperial Army, Park was seen as a collaborator with this country
Japan
Park arrested major leaders of these business conglomerates in order to get them to comply with his economic policies
Chaebols
Economic plan that was implemented in 1962, its ideas were largely borrowed from the previous government
First Five-Year Plan
The United States pressured Park to return the government of Korea to this
Civilian Rule
Name of the resulting political party that was formed with Park serving as its leader
Democratic Republican Party
Foreign Relations: 1963-1979
In 1965, this treaty with Japan was signed, normalizing relations between it and South Korea
Treaty on Basic Relations Between Japan and the Republic of Korea
However, Korean civilians viewed the treaty with hostility, leading to this
June 3rd Resistance Movement
Park sent some of the army to this Southeast Asian country to prove his anti-communist stance
South Vietnam
First combat unit to arrive to the above country
The Capital Division | Fierce Tiger Division
As a result of Park's decision, he received this from the United States
Economic Aid
At the start of his presidency, this enemy of South Korea was a greater economic and military power
North Korea
Leader of the above country (full name required)
Kim Il-sung
The above sent a commando unit to assassinate Park in this incident in 1968
The Blue House Raid
Park attempted to send this unit on a mission to assassinate Kim. When the mission was cancelled in 1971, the commandos involved mutinied
Unit 684
As a result of Kim's aggressive military policy in the 1960s, clashes along this area increased
The Demilitarized Zone
In 1968, this American ship was captured by the north. Park was upset with the United States willingness to openly negotiate with the north without involving South Korea
U.S.S Pueblo
But by 1971, relations between the two Koreas started to improve after the talks between members of both countries of this humanitarian organization
The Red Cross
By 1972, the Koreas made a joint statement regarding this concept
Reunification
However, by 1976, North Korean soldiers killed two American soldiers in this event because they claimed they were cutting down a tree in North Korean territory
Panmunjom Axe Murder Incident
As a response the United States and South Korea staged this operation just to cut down the tree as a show of force. It was named after an American folk legend
Operation Paul Bunyan
Domestic Policies: 1963-1979
Economically, Park focussed on transforming South Korea using this economic policy
Export-Oriented Industrialization
The government created this state-owned steel manufacturer in order to provide cheap steel for Korean businesses
Pohang Iron and Steel Company
During a trip to this country, Park was inspired by this country's highway system
West Germany
As a result, he ordered the construction of this.
Gyeongbu Expressway
Under Park's economic polices, this company eventually became famous internationally
Samsung
Another world-famous company that thrived under Park's policies
LG
This company, now famous for its cars, was heavily promoted by Park
Hyundai
Name of the first car produced by the above that was made solely by Korean engineers
Pony
By the 1970s, Park focussed specifically on financing these types of industries
Heavy and Chemical Industries
Movement in 1970 launched by Park in an attempt to modernize the Korean countryside
New Village Movement
Name of this period of economic growth in South Korea
Miracle on the Han River
South Korea would go on to become one of these four areas in East Asia, who experience massive economic growth in the second half of the 20th century
Four Asian Tigers
Park banned the use of Chinese characters or Hanja, forcing the country to adopt this alphabet instead
Hangul
Elements from this American culture movement in the 1960s were heavily censored by Park
American Counterculture Movement
The inauguration of this American president worsened relations between the two countries
Richard Nixon
Name of the above's doctrine that tried to limit the United State's military presence abroad. This worried Park who thought the United States would start to withdraw more of its men from South Korea
Guam Doctrine
Park altered the constitution in 1969 to give himself another ____ so that he could stay in office longer
Presidential Term
Downfall: 1971-1979
In the 1971 Presidential Election, Park barely won against this man. He would later become president in 1998
Kim Dae-jung
The above was part of this opposition party
New Democratic Party
As a result of the narrow election and using the United States' new foreign policy as an excuse, Park assumed the role as a dictator in this event
The October Restoration
Park then enacted this to replace the current constitution
Yushin Constitution
The name of the above document was derived from this Japanese event
Meiji Restoration
In 1973, the above opposition candidate was kidnapped in this city
Tokyo
The director of South Korea's intelligence agency who was fired after the above plot failed
Lee Hu-rak
In 1974, this North Korean sympathizer attempted to assassinate Park
Mun Se-gwang
However, he ended up killing Park's wife, whose name was
Yuk Young-soo
New chief of Park's bodyguard whose influence over Park increased after the above. He would be assassinated with Park in 1979
Cha Chi-chol
In 1975, Park tried to acquire this type of weapon. The disapproval of the United States caused this scheme to fail
Nuclear Weapons
This American President's commitment to withdraw American soldiers from Korea worsened relations between the two countries further
Jimmy Carter
1976 American political scandal in which South Korean supporters of Park attempted to buy influence in Congress
Koreagate
Former director of the KCIA who was assassinated for revealing government information during the investigation of the above
Kim Hyong-uk
Name of the secret military club that swore loyalty to Park
Hanahoe
Leader of the above. He would become the new dictator of South Korea after Park's death
Chun Doo-hwan
New leader of the opposition who was expelled from the National Assembly for protesting Park's rule
Kim Young-sam
Massive protests occurred in these two cities as a result of the above
Busan and Masan
Six days later, Park was killed by this current director of the KCIA
Kim Jae-gyu
After Park's death, this man would become president of South Korea. Unlike Park, he was a figurehead
Choi Gyu-hah
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