|
Hint
|
Answer
|
|
Core materials
|
Iron and nickel
|
|
Inner core
|
Solid ball
|
|
Outer core
|
Semi molton
|
|
Mantle materials
|
Silicate rocks with geothermal gradient
|
|
Lower mantle
|
Rigid with a degree of plasticity
|
|
Upper mantle (3)
|
Semi molton, cooler, weaker
|
|
Continental crust
|
30-70 km
|
|
Continental crust
|
Low density granite
|
|
Oceanic crust
|
6-10km
|
|
Oceanic crust
|
High density basalt
|
|
Global distribution
|
Dictated by plate boundaries
|
|
Global distribution
|
Rare intraplate hazards
|
|
Major Plates
|
North American
|
|
Major Plates
|
South American
|
|
Major Plates
|
Eurasian
|
|
Major Plates
|
African
|
|
Major Plates
|
Pacific
|
|
Major Plates
|
Indo-Australian
|
|
Earthquake distribution
|
All margins
|
|
Earthquake distribution
|
Pacific plate
|
|
Earthquake distribution
|
Indonesia, Japan, Phillipines
|
|
Intraplate earthquakes
|
Old fault lines moving into resting positions
|
|
Intraplate earthquakes
|
Stretching plates
|
|
Volcano distribution
|
Constructive and destructive margins
|
|
Volcano distribution
|
Ring of fire
|
|
Mantle plume
|
Concentrated areas of heat convection
|
|
Hotspot mantle plume
|
Anomalously hot vertical column of extremely hot magma rising from the athenosphere caused by radioactive decay
|
|
Hotspot volcano
|
Mantle plumes melt and weaken undernearth the crust so that magma can force through
|
|
Convection currents
|
Circular movement of semi molton rock creating drag on the base of tectonic plates
|
|
Why?
|
Radioactive decay causes super heated magma in the athenosphere to rise
|
|
Slab pull
|
The pulling force exerted by a cold dense oceanic plate plunging into the mantle due to its own weight
|
|
Why?
|
The rising limb of a convection current heats part of an oceanic plate, making it less dense than the other side
|
|
Wadati-Benioff zone
|
planar zone of seismicity corresponding with the direction of a down going slab in the subduction zone
|
|
Paleomagnetism
|
Study of ancient magnetism preserved in rocks
|
|
Explain
|
Iron rich magma rises to fill gaps where plastes iverge and becomes polorised at the surface
|
|
Paleomagnetism indicates
|
When it was formed
|
|
Paleomagnetism indicates
|
How quickly the plates moved
|
|
Destructive boundary key words
|
Denser oceanic plate
|
|
Destructive boundary key words
|
Less dense continental crust
|
|
Destructive boundary key words
|
Subducted crust melts
|
|
Destructive boundary key words
|
Heat and friction
|
|
Destructive boundary key words
|
Magma rises due to low density
|
|
Destructive boundary key words
|
Locked fault releasing pressure can trigger earthquakes
|
|
Landforms
|
Deep sea trench
|
|
Landforms
|
Fold mountains
|
|
Landforms
|
Island arcs
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
Frequent major earthquakes
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
Composite volcanoes
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
Andesitic and Rhyolitic lava
|
|
Constructive boundary key words
|
Pressure releases as plates diverge
|
|
Constructive boundary key words
|
New crust or volcano
|
|
Landforms
|
Mid ocean ridge
|
|
Landforms
|
Rift valley
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
Frequent minor earthquakes
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
Basaltic shield volcanoes
|
|
Collision boundary key words
|
Neither crust is subducted
|
|
Collision boundary key words
|
Same density
|
|
Collision boundary key words
|
Less than underlying athenosphere
|
|
Landforms
|
Fold mountains
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
Infrequent major earthquakes
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
No volcanoes
|
|
Conservative boundary key words
|
Opposite directions
|
|
Conservative boundary key words
|
Same direction at different speeds
|
|
Conservative boundary key words
|
Shearing action increases friction
|
|
Conservative boundary key words
|
Cracks and fault lines
|
|
Conservative boundary key words
|
Enlarged by weathering and erosion
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
Frequent minor earthquakes
|
|
Tectonic activity
|
No volcanoes
|
|
Earthquake
|
Violent shaking of the earths crust due to the buildup and sudden release of tension or pressure
|
|
Earthquake process
|
Plates jolt past each other
|
|
Earthquake process
|
Sending seismic waves along a fault line
|
|
Earthquake process
|
Shockwaves spread out from the focus
|
|
Earthquake process
|
First and strongest at the epicentre
|
|
Earthquake process
|
The crust has a degree of elasticity allowing it to recoil back and forth
|
|
Magnitude factors
|
Type of plate margin
|
|
Magnitude factors
|
Depth of focus
|
|
Deep foci
|
300km
|
