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The Hydrosphere

A Level Environmental Science Physical Environment Revision Water treatment answers include the step number, e.g. '1. Sedimentation' Suspicious Simon always carries five CFCs, protected internally (shoves them up da butt)
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stwvlker
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Last updated: February 12, 2025
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First submittedJanuary 30, 2025
Times taken17
Average score3.2%
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Hint
Answer
Water treatment step 1
1. Sedimentation
Water treatment step 2
2. Screens
Water treatment step 3
3. Aeration
Water treatment step 4
4. Coagulation and flocculation
Water treatment step 5
5. Clarification
Water treatment step 6
6. Filtration
Water treatment optional step (6.5)
6.5 Desalination
Water treatment step 7
7. Carbon treatment
Water treatment step 8
8. Sterilisation
Water treatment step 9
9. pH adjustment
Water treatment step 10
10. Ion exchange
% Aral Sea has reduced by since 1960
90
Carbon treatment is best for treating...
Odours
Chemical that gives bad smell/taste to water
Hydrogen sulfide
Chemical that gives bad smell/taste to water
Organic compounds
Chemical that gives bad smell/taste to water
Chlorine
Coagulant example
Aluminium sulfate
Amount of open space in material
Porosity
How easily fluids can move through material
Permeability
Define river regime
Discharge variation
Desalination methods
Reverse osmosis
Desalination methods
Distillation
Effects of over-abstraction
Surface waters
Effects of over-abstraction
ecological degradation
Effects of over-abstraction
Saltwater incursion
Effects of over-abstraction
Subsidence
Effects of over-abstraction
water supply
Factors of aquifers
surrounding geology
Features of aquifers
Porous
Features of aquifers
Permeable
Features of reservoir microclimate
high heat capacity
Features of reservoir microclimate
reduced seasonality
Features of reservoir microclimate
high evaporation
Freshwater %
2.5
Global water budget =
Amount + Residence Time
GRACE
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
How often do satellites survey
30 days
How to reduce acidity in water (3 words)
Crushed lime filter
How toxic ions are exchanged
Polymer adsorption
Human impacts
Deforestation
Human impacts
Land use
Human impacts
Climate change
Hydrosphere management
Artificial recharge
Hydrosphere management
Afforestation
Hydrosphere management
New sources
Hydrosphere management
Low volume irrigation
Hydrosphere management
Low water appliances
Hydrosphere management
Xeriscaping
Hint
Answer
Hydrosphere management
Recycling
Ion exchange is best for treating...
Dissolved minerals
Litter treatment
Manual
Marine water %
97.5
Metal treatment (2)
Ion exchange, reverse osmosis
Monitoring depletion
Water table levels
Monitoring depletion
NASA GRACE satellites
No. countries involved in River Nile disagreements
10
Odour treatment (2)
Carbon treatment, reverse osmosis
Organic pollutant treatment (2)
Carbon treatment, coagulation
Pathogen treatment
Sterilisation
Problems with reservoir creation
Habitat change
Problems with reservoir creation
Wildlife barrier
Problems with reservoir creation
River regime
Problems with reservoir creation
Sedimentation
Purpose of C (step 4) (4 words)
Coagulation neutralises negative charge
Purpose of carbon filters (3 words)
Adsorbs organic chemicals
Purpose of clarification (3 words)
Settles flocculation polymers
Purpose of f (step 4)
Flocculation binds
Reason for the reductions in the Aral Sea
HEP
Reason for the reductions in the Aral Sea (4 words)
Cotton and rice irrigation
Reasons for increasing global demand
Population
Reasons for increasing global demand
Affluence
Reasons for increasing global demand
Irrigation
Reasons for increasing global demand
Industrialisation
Reverse osmosis is best for treating...
Dissolved solids
Salt treatment
Desalination
Sterilisation methods (4 words)
Chlorine or UV exposure
Suspended solids treatment
Filtration
Water cycle influences
Solar energy
Water cycle influences
Gravitational potential energy
What death can saltwater incursion cause
osmotic dehydration
What do satellites survey
water mass
What elements need to be removed to create soft water
Calcium and magnesium
What is the purpose of aeration
Decarbonise
What is the purpose of aeration (2 words)
Reduce ammonia
What is the purpose of aeration (3 words)
Oxidise dissolved metals
What is the purpose of step 1
Settle solids
What treatment step - creates soft water (step number)
10
What water source starts at treatment step 1
Reservoir
What water source starts at treatment step 1
River
What water source starts at treatment step 6.5
Seawater
What water source starts at treatment step 7
Aquifer
Which treatment step - grills/mesh removes litter
Screens
Which treatment step - toxic ions are exchanged
Ion exchange
Which treatment step - water flows through sand/gravel
Filtration
Why does reverse osmosis often require a carbon filter
Reduce odours
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