The Lithosphere

Metals bonded to minerals

Rock with a high concentration of ore minerals

Area with enough ores to be economically viable to mine

Cooling and crystallisation of magma

Weathered remains build up and lithify within water

Recrystallisation of mineral assemblages under high temperatures or pressure

Pressurised superheated water circulates around a magma intrusion and dissolves minerals in order of solubility

Ores eroded by flowing water

Evaporation leaves crystallised minerals

Proterozoic marine sediments

Groundwater leaches metals from surface rocks

Biological deposits

Coal formation

Oil and gas formation

Stock definition

Resource definition

Reserve definition

COOG

As purity decreases, quantity of deposits increases exponentially

Reserves increase as COOG declines due to increased _____ ____ or __ ________

Exploration methods

Exploration methods

Exploration methods

Exploration methods

Exploration methods

Exploration methods

Exploration methods

Instrument used in gravimetry

Instrument used in magnetometry

IR spectroscopy measures what to identify ores

Gravimeters measure changes in (2)

How controlled explosions identify ores (6 words)

What is used to test resistivity?

Why do sedimentary rocks have lower resistivity?

What does chemical analysis look at?

Factors in viability of ores

Factors in viability of ores

Factors in viability of ores

Factors in viability of ores

Factors in viability of ores

Factors in viability of ores

Factors in viability of ores

Environmental impacts of exploitation

Environmental impacts of exploitation

Environmental impacts of exploitation

Environmental impacts of exploitation

Environmental impacts of exploitation

Environmental impacts of exploitation

Environmental impacts of exploitation

How can habitat loss by minimised

How can habitat loss by minimised

Causes of dust in exploitation (2)

Methods to minimise dust pollution

Methods to minimise noise pollution

Methods to minimise noise pollution

Methods to minimise noise pollution

Increased water turbidity from dust can cause

Increased water turbidity from dust can reduce

Rainwater that has percolated through a spoil heap and dissolved toxic metals

Methods to reduce leachate

Problems caused by spoil heaps

Problems caused by spoil heaps

Problems caused by spoil heaps

Future exploitation techniques

Future exploitation techniques

Future exploitation techniques

Future exploitation techniques

Future exploitation techniques

Future exploitation techniques

Future exploitation techniques

Future exploitation techniques

Future exploration techniques

Future exploration techniques

Types of future mechanisation for exploitation

Types of future mechanisation for exploitation

Bioleaching PT1 - _____ bacteria and fungi extract metals into a solution

Bioleaching PT2 - how are metals separated from the solution (2)

Phytomining PT1 - what happens to the ash after incineration?

Phytomining PT2 - how are metals separated from the solution

Iron displacement deposits what metal

How is leachate concentration increased for collection?

Another name for manganese modules

How manganese modules are formed (6 words)

Types of core objects manganese modules can form around

Types of core objects manganese modules can form around