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Hint
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Answer
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Metals bonded to minerals
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Ore mineral
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Rock with a high concentration of ore minerals
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Ore
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Area with enough ores to be economically viable to mine
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Ore deposit
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Cooling and crystallisation of magma
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Igneous
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Weathered remains build up and lithify within water
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Sedimentary
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Recrystallisation of mineral assemblages under high temperatures or pressure
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Metamorphic
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Pressurised superheated water circulates around a magma intrusion and dissolves minerals in order of solubility
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Hydrothermal deposition
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Ores eroded by flowing water
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Alluvial deposits
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Evaporation leaves crystallised minerals
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Evaporites
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Proterozoic marine sediments
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Ancient iron oxide
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Groundwater leaches metals from surface rocks
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Secondary enrichment
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Biological deposits
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Fossil fuels
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Coal formation
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Terrestrial vegetation
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Oil and gas formation
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Marine organisms
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Stock definition
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All ores
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Resource definition
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All known ores
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Reserve definition
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All currently exploitable ores
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COOG
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Cut off ore grade
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As purity decreases, quantity of deposits increases exponentially
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Lasky's principle
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Reserves increase as COOG declines due to increased _____ ____ or __ ________
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market value, new technology
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Exploration methods
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IR spectroscopy
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Exploration methods
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Gravimetry
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Exploration methods
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Magnetometry
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Exploration methods
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Seismic surveys
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Exploration methods
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Resistivity
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Exploration methods
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Trial drilling
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Exploration methods
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Chemical analysis
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Instrument used in gravimetry
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Gravimeters
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Instrument used in magnetometry
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Magnetometers
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IR spectroscopy measures what to identify ores
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Spectral response
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Gravimeters measure changes in (2)
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Density, mass
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How controlled explosions identify ores (6 words)
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Seismic vibrations create echoes in strata
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What is used to test resistivity?
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Electricity
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Why do sedimentary rocks have lower resistivity?
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High water content
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What does chemical analysis look at?
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Composition, purity
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Factors in viability of ores
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Purity
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Factors in viability of ores
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COOG
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Factors in viability of ores
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Chemical form
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Factors in viability of ores
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Overburden
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Factors in viability of ores
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Hydrology
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Factors in viability of ores
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Markets
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Factors in viability of ores
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Land use conflicts
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Environmental impacts of exploitation
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Land use
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Environmental impacts of exploitation
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Habitat loss
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Environmental impacts of exploitation
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Amenity loss
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Environmental impacts of exploitation
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Dust
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Environmental impacts of exploitation
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Noise
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Environmental impacts of exploitation
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Turbidity
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Environmental impacts of exploitation
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Mine heap spoils
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How can habitat loss by minimised
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Capture and transplant
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How can habitat loss by minimised
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Post-mining restoration
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Causes of dust in exploitation (2)
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Blasting, heavy vehicles
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Methods to minimise dust pollution
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Water sprays
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Methods to minimise noise pollution
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Embankments
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Methods to minimise noise pollution
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Baffle mounds
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Methods to minimise noise pollution
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Time restrictions
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Increased water turbidity from dust can cause
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Sedimentation
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Increased water turbidity from dust can reduce
|
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Light penetration
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Rainwater that has percolated through a spoil heap and dissolved toxic metals
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Spoil leachate
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Methods to reduce leachate
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Crushed lime filter
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Problems caused by spoil heaps
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Aesthetics
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Problems caused by spoil heaps
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Stability
|
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Problems caused by spoil heaps
|
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Leachate
|
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Future exploitation techniques
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Mechanisation
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Future exploitation techniques
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Bioleaching
|
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Future exploitation techniques
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Phytomining
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Future exploitation techniques
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Iron displacement
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Future exploitation techniques
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Leachate collection
|
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Future exploitation techniques
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Polymer adsorption
|
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Future exploitation techniques
|
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Bacterial adsorption
|
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Future exploitation techniques
|
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Manganese modules
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Future exploration techniques
|
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Remote sensing
|
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Future exploration techniques
|
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Portable field equipment
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Types of future mechanisation for exploitation
|
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Deep mining
|
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Types of future mechanisation for exploitation
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Open cast
|
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Bioleaching PT1 - _____ bacteria and fungi extract metals into a solution
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Acidophilic
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Bioleaching PT2 - how are metals separated from the solution (2)
|
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Carbon filter, electrolysis
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Phytomining PT1 - what happens to the ash after incineration?
|
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Dissolved in acid
|
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Phytomining PT2 - how are metals separated from the solution
|
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Electrolysis
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Iron displacement deposits what metal
|
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Copper ions
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How is leachate concentration increased for collection?
|
|
Recirculation
|
|
Another name for manganese modules
|
|
Polymetallic nodules
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How manganese modules are formed (6 words)
|
|
Metal precipitates around a core object
|
|
Types of core objects manganese modules can form around
|
|
Shell
|
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Types of core objects manganese modules can form around
|
|
Shark's teeth
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