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Hint
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Answer
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Nitrate sources
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Manure
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Nitrate sources
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Fertilisers
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Nitrate sources
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Leachate
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Nitrate sources
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Runoff
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Phosphate sources
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Sewage effluent
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Effects
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Cultural eutrophication
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Effects
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Food webs
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Define eutrophication (8 words)
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Excessive nutrient enrichment causing algal blooms and oxygen depletion
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____ and __________ absorb dissolved _______ and grow _____
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Algae, cyanobacteria, nutrients, rapidly
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__________ releases ____ that harmful to ______ and ______
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Cyanobacteria, toxins, humans, animals
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Floating algae shades...
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Submerged and benthic macrophytes
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Anaerobic decay causes...
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Deoxygenation
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Human impacts
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Blue baby syndrome
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Human impacts
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Possible carcinogen
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Blue baby syndrome: ___ ______ converts ______ to ___ which reacts with _________ and reduces oxygen carrying capacity
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Gut bacteria, nitrates, NOx, haemoglobin
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Controls
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Low-solubility fertilisers
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Controls
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Fertiliser application timing
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Controls
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Ploughing timing
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Controls
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Legume cultivation
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Controls
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Nitrate vulnerable zones
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Controls
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Iron phosphate precipitation
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X precipitates phosphates from a liquid as sediments that can be dredged
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Iron (III) sulfate
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ORGANIC NUTRIENTS SAY YAY
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YAY
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Organic wastes
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Sewage
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Organic wastes
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Manure
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Organic wastes
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Silage fluids
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Organic wastes
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Paper industry
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Effects (5 words)
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Deoxygenation from microbial aerobic decomposition
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Deoxygenation kills ______ _________, causing __________ as ____ releases _______ nutrients
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Aerobic organisms, eutrophication, decay, inorganic
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Organic wastes may contain...
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Pathogens
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Pathogen examples
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Chloera
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Pathogen examples
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Typhoid
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Major treatment stages
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Pre-treatment
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Major treatment stages
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Primary treatment
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Major treatment stages
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Secondary treatment
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Major treatment stages
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Tertiary treatment
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Major treatment stages
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Sludge digestion
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Pre-treatment goals
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Remove solids
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Primary treatment goals
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Remove 95% organic matter
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Secondary treatment goals (5 words)
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Digestion of remaining organic matter
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Tertiary treatment goals
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Remove inorganic nutrients
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Pre-treatment steps
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Screens
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Pre-treatment steps
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Grit traps
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Primary treatment steps
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Sedimentation tanks
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Secondary treatment steps
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Aeration tanks
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Secondary treatment steps
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Secondary sedimentation tanks
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Secondary treatment steps
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Trickling filter beds
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Tertiary treatment steps
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Phosphate removal
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Tertiary treatment steps
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Bacterial microfilters
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Tertiary treatment steps
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Sterilisation
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Grit traps: the ______ _____ so grit is _______ as water loses ______ ______
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Channel widens, deposited, kinetic energy
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Primary sedimentation tanks: ______ ____ sink to the bottom to be treated separately as ______
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Faecal solids, sludge
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Aeration tanks (6 words)
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Aerobic bacterial decomposition by activated sludge
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Aeration tank methods to aerate
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Paddles
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Aeration tank methods to aerate
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O2 bubbling
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Secondary sedimentation tanks: _________ _______ is returned as _______ _____, clear effluent can be discharged
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Suspended bacteria, activated sludge
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Trickling filter beds: _______ ___ spray effluent over _________ ____ of _____
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Rotating arms, cylindrical tanks, gravel
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Phosphate removal methods (2)
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Iron (III) sulfate, microstrainers
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Sludge treatment: ________ _______ digest sludge in a ____ digestion tank for __ weeks
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Anaerobic microbes, warm, 4 weeks
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Sludge treatment goals
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Reduce pathogens
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Sludge treatment goals
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Reduce odours
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Sludge treatment goals
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Reduce volume
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Sludge disposal
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Landfill
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Sludge disposal
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Dispersal into the sea
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Sludge disposal
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Incineration
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Sludge disposal
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Agricultural use
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