|
Hint
|
Answer
|
|
Check measurements later say ok
|
ok
|
|
Sources of noise pollution
|
Aircraft
|
|
Sources of noise pollution
|
Road
|
|
Sources of noise pollution
|
Rail
|
|
Sources of noise pollution
|
Domestic
|
|
Sources of noise pollution
|
Industrial
|
|
Effects on humans
|
Hearing damage
|
|
Effects on humans
|
Stress related illness
|
|
Effects on humans
|
Heart disease, ulcers
|
|
Effects on humans
|
Behvaioural changes
|
|
Effects on humans
|
Communication
|
|
Effects on organisms
|
Breeding birds
|
|
Effects on organisms
|
Feeding success
|
|
Effects on organisms
|
Cetacean hearing damage
|
|
Effects on organisms
|
Behvaioural changes
|
|
Effects on non-living things
|
Acoustic fatigue
|
|
Effects on non-living things
|
Vibration damage
|
|
Effects on non-living things
|
Shock impacts
|
|
AIRCRAFT NOISE SAY YAY PLANES
|
YAY PLANES
|
|
Features of military aircraft
|
Varied flight paths
|
|
Features of military aircraft
|
13 UK major urban areas avoided
|
|
Features of military aircraft
|
20 UK low flying areas
|
|
Minimum height
|
250ft
|
|
Features of military aircraft
|
Requests to temporarily stop
|
|
Features of military aircraft
|
Compensation for livestock harm or property damage
|
|
Features of military aircraft
|
Avoid ecologically sensitive sites
|
|
For example
|
Seabird breeding cliffs
|
|
Features of civil aircraft
|
High altitudes
|
|
Features of civil aircraft
|
Near urban area
|
|
Features of civil aircraft
|
Nuisance effected by number of flights
|
|
Controlling aircraft noise
|
Airport design and location
|
|
Controlling aircraft noise
|
Engine design
|
|
Controlling aircraft noise
|
Body design
|
|
Controlling aircraft noise
|
Operations
|
|
Airport controls
|
Consider population density
|
|
Airport controls
|
Taxi ranks away from residential areas
|
|
Airport controls
|
Engine test areas
|
|
Airport controls
|
Acoustic insulation
|
|
Airport controls
|
Noise deflection and absorption
|
|
Airport controls
|
Landuse restrictions
|
|
Airport controls
|
Wheel breaks
|
|
Instead of
|
Thrusters
|
|
Engine controls
|
Chevron nozzles
|
|
Define
|
Serrated edge on outer cowling
|
|
Engine controls
|
Engine hush kits
|
|
Engine controls
|
Engine acoustic liners
|
|
Engine controls
|
High bypass ratio engines
|
|
Define
|
Secondary cowling a turbo fan forces bypass air around the inner cowling
|
|
Purpose
|
Smooths exhaust air flow
|
|
Body controls
|
Aerodynamics
|
|
Body controls
|
Undercarriage fairings
|
|
Body controls
|
Blended wing aircraft
|
|
Body controls
|
Light aircraft with composite materials
|
|
Operation controls
|
Gentle take off gradient
|
|
Operation controls
|
Flight path planning
|
|
Operation controls
|
Constant descent angle
|
|
Operation controls
|
Night flight take off restrictions
|
|
Optimal descent angle ˚
|
3
|
|
Why?
|
No high thrust periods
|
|
Noisier aircraft controls
|
Chapter categorisation
|
|
Noisier aircraft controls
|
Charges
|
|
Noisier aircraft controls
|
Restricted flight times
|
|
Noisier aircraft controls
|
Control of supersonic flights
|
|
Noisier aircraft controls
|
Quotas
|
|
Chapter 2 banned in
|
2002
|
|
Chapter 3 reduction
|
15dB
|
|
Chapter 4 reduction
|
10dB
|
|
All aircraft made after X are chapter 4
|
2006
|
|
Heathrow noisy aircraft charges
|
10x
|
|
Quota airports
|
Heathrow
|
|
Quota airports
|
Gatwick
|
|
Quota airports
|
Stansted
|
|
Road noise controls
|
Sound absorbing road
|
|
For example
|
Pourous asphalt
|
|
Road noise controls
|
Engine acoustic insulation
|
|
Road noise controls
|
Quieter exhausts
|
|
Road noise controls
|
Traffic management
|
|
Road noise controls
|
Double glazing
|
|
Road noise controls
|
Sound absorption
|
|
Rail noise controls
|
Sound absorbing suspension in engines
|
|
Rail noise controls
|
Reduced pantograph turbulence
|
|
Rail noise controls
|
Aerodynamic fairings
|
|
Rail noise controls
|
Track lubrication reduces wheel squeal
|
|
Rail noise controls
|
Composite materials reduces break squeal
|
|
Rail noise controls
|
Better suspension reduces wheel noise
|
|
Domestic noise controls
|
Quieter appliances
|
|
Domestic noise controls
|
Acoustic absorbers in domestic appliances
|
|
Domestic noise controls
|
Limiters on music equipment
|
|
Industrial noise sources
|
Air compressors
|
|
Industrial noise sources
|
Pumps
|
|
Industrial noise sources
|
Metal conveyors
|
|
Industrial noise sources
|
Land-pile driving
|
|
Industrial noise sources
|
Sea-pile driving
|
|
Industrial noise sources
|
Marine seismic surveys
|
|
Industrial noise sources
|
Military sonar
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Silencers reduce explosive expansion
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Nylon bearings, rolers, wheels
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Land drilling
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Air bubble curtains
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Acoustic surveys detect cetaceans
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Gradual volume increase
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Sound absorbing acoustic matts
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Remote machinery
|
|
Industrial noise controls
|
Hearing protection
|
