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Hint
Answer
1. Total Loss of Voluntary Control
x
Automatism is either a) an act done by the muscles with no control by the mind, e.g. a spasm, or b) an act done by a person not conscious about what he is doing
Bratty
There must be a total loss of control. Partial loss is insufficient.
Broome v Perkins
.
x
2. External Cause
x
The cause must be external
Quick
Hint
Answer
.
x
Self-Inducement
x
Where automatism is induced through drugs, the relevant defence is intoxication
Coley
Where automatism is self-induced through appropriate action but with unanticipated consequences, D can rely on the defence.
Hardie
Where automatism is self-induced through recklessness (D knew failure to e.g. take insulin could lead to automatic state but failed to do anything), the defence fails for basic intent crimes. The defence is still available for specific intent crimes.