CPCE: Names to Know

Pioneer of structural family therapy which addresses problems within a family by charting the relationships between family members

Developed social learning theory which suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn

Creator of individual psychology, associated with the analytic movement, which is a short-term, goal-oriented, and holistic approach focusing on overcoming feelings of inferiority

Developed the concept of correlation and promoted regression to the mean

Founder of REBT which emphasizes the notion that stress stems from irrational beliefs rather than external stress

Developer of Choice Theory: Behavior is a choice made by someone based on their feelings and needs. It is not controlled by external circumstance

Existential psychologist associated with humanistic psychology and philosophy. He believed that anxiety influenced our society. Saw freedom as defining the feature of human existence.

Emphasized that life can have a purpose even in the face of suffering and that individuals can find meaning through their attitudes and choices

Existential psychiatrist that believes the main factor in selecting participants for a group is that members can feel cohesive

originally defined the concept of crisis within psychiatry in the 1960s as a subjective reaction to an intensely stressful, traumatic or threatening experience that blocks our ability to cope

Created a career development theory that evolves with the individual which goes through five career development stages: Growth (childhood), Exploration (adolescence/young adulthood), Establishment (adulthood), Maintenance (middle age), and Decline/Disengagement (later life/retirement)

Created a development theory that outlines four stages of cognitive development: Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

Her theory categorizes career choices based on personality types. Her theory categorized occupations by fields and levels. The choice of a career helps to satisfy an individual’s needs

American psychologist known for stages and levels of moral development. Preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Created eight stages that explain development throughout the entire lifespan

Founder of analytical psychology, discussed personality types and the collective unconscious. Explained introversion and extroversion

Founder of psychoanalysis

Gestalt pioneer(s). Gestlat is a client-centered psychotherapy focusing on self-awareness, personal responsibility, and the "here and now" experience.

Founder of humanistic psychology and person centered psychotherapy which is nonjudgmental and is a superb modality for multicultural usage

Social worker associated with experiential conjoint family therapy. She felt that the family could be healed via love. Known for placating, blaming, being overly reasonable, and being irrelevant

Created the RIASEC Model to explain career congruence. Realistic (doers), Investigative (thinkers), Artistic (creators), Social (helpers), Enterprising (persuaders), Conventional (organizers)

Founded systems theory, which views the family as an emotional unit where members are deeply interconnected and interdependent, with changes in one person affecting the entire system

Beleived in the family scapegoat theory, and noted that if ne person in the family had a problem, everyone in the family was impacted and that the place to solve that problem was in the family

Proposed a controversial stage-crisis view theory with several major life transitions. Postulated a midlife crisis for men and women

Researcher who is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys. Frightened monkeys raised by cloth and wire mothers ran over and clung to the cloth and wire surrogate mothers

Closely associated with bonding and attachment. Conduct disorders can result from inadequate attachment

Father of cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy: The way individuals perceive a situation is more closely connected to their reaction than the situation itself.

Created a typology of parenting styles: Authoritative vs Authoritarian vs Passive

Created the hierarchy of needs

One's own culture propels development, not innate factors. Created the zone of proximal development