Abdomen + GI Anatomy

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Last updated: May 9, 2026

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First submitted	May 9, 2026
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Hint	Answer
Muscles of the soft palate (5)	Tensor veli palantini
Muscles of the soft palate	Levator veli palantini
Muscles of the soft palate	Palatoglossus
Muscles of the soft palate	Palatopharyngeus
Muscles of the soft palate	Muscularis Uvulae

Nerve for 4 SP muscles	pharyngeal of vagus
Nerve for Tensor veli	Medial pterygoid of CN V3
Nerve for anterior 2/3 tongue sensation	Mandibular of trigeminal
anterior 2/3 taste	Chorda tympani of facial
Nerve for posterior 1/3 sensation + taste	Glossopharyngeal nerve

Main Salivary glands (largest)	Parotid
Main Salivary glands	Submandibular
Main Salivary glands	Sublingual
Salivary gland opening into frenulum via sublingual papillae	Submandibular
Salivary gland duct running across masseter, piercing buccinator + opening near 2nd maxillary molar tooth	Parotid
Salivary gland opening into floor of oral cavity	Sublingual

Which structures compress the oesophagus? (4)	Aortic arch
Which structures compress the oesophagus?	Left Bronchus
Which structures compress the oesophagus?	Cricoid cartilage and cricopharyngeus
Which structures compress the oesophagus?	Diaphragm

Stomach location	intraperitoneal, left hypochondrium and epigastric region
Lesser curvature attachment	lesser omentum - double folded peritoneum from stomach to liver
Greater curvature attachment	greater omentum

Parts of duodenum	superior, descending, horizontal, ascending
What runs posterior to the superior duodenum (3)	Common bile duct
What runs posterior to the superior duodenum	Hepatic Portal Vein
What runs posterior to the superior duodenum	Gastroduodenal artery

Hint	Answer
Most common point for duodenal ulcers	duodenal cap (superior duodenum)
Drainage of major duodenal papilla	Major pancreatic duct and bile duct (hepatopancreatic ampulla)
Drainage of minor duodenal papilla	Accessory pancreatic duct

Boundary of fore and mid gut	major papilla
Blood supply to duodenum Foregut	superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and supraduodenal artery
Blood supply to duodenum midgut	inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Site of most of duodenal ulcers	posterior wall of superior duodenum.
haemorrhage from ulcer	gastroduodenal artery
Blood Supply to foregut	Coeliac Trunk

First major branch arising from abdominal aorta	coeliac trunk T12
3 Major arteries arising from coeliac trunk	Common hepatic artery
3 Major arteries arising from coeliac trunk	Left gastric artery
3 Major arteries arising from coeliac trunk	Splenic artery
Blood Supply to Midgut (2nd branch of AA)	Superior Mesenteric Artery
Blood Supply to Hindgut (3rd branch of AA)	Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Branches of SMA (5)	Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
Branches of SMA	Jejunal/ileal arteries
Branches of SMA	Middle Colic
Branches of SMA	Right Colic
Branches of SMA	Ileocolic

Branches of IMA (3)	Left Colic - descending colon
Branches of IMA	Sigmoid arteries
Branches of IMA	Superior Rectal Artery

Sympathetic Innervation Stomach	Greater splanchnic nerves T5-T9 via coeliac plexus
Parasympathetic Innervation Stomach	Left and Right Vagus
Relationship between vagal nerves and trunks after oesophageal hiatus	left vagus as anterior trunk, right as posterior
Transtubecular plane location	L5, connects iliac crests