|
Hint
|
|
Answer
|
|
What is the main purpose of a WBS?
|
|
break the project scope down into manageable, deliverable-oriented components.
|
|
What does OBS stand for?
|
|
Organizational Breakdown Structure.
|
|
What matrix combines the WBS and OBS to assign roles?
|
|
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM).
|
|
What is the Critical Path?
|
|
he longest sequence of dependent tasks that determines the shortest possible project duration.
|
|
What is Float
|
|
The amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the final project completion date
|
|
How much float does a task on the critical path have?
|
|
Zero
|
|
What are the four main types of construction resources?
|
|
Human (Labour), Material, Machinery (Plant/Equipment), and Financial.
|
|
What is Resource Aggregation?
|
|
Summing up the daily resource requirements based on the schedule.
|
|
What visual chart shows the peaks and troughs of daily resource demand?
|
|
Resource Histogram.
|
|
What is Resource Smoothing?
|
|
Shifting tasks within their available float to flatten resource peaks without delaying the project end date.
|
|
What is Resource Levelling?
|
|
Delaying tasks to meet strict resource limits, which will extend the final project duration.
|
|
What does BCWS stand for?
|
|
Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (the planned value of work we expected to finish by today).
|
|
What does BCWP stand for?
|
|
Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (also known as Earned Value).
|
|
What is the formula for calculating BCWP?
|
|
Percentage Complete (PC) × Budget at Completion (BAC).
|
|
What does ACWP stand for?
|
|
Actual Cost of Work Performed (the real money spent so far).
|
|
What is the formula for Schedule Variance (SV)?
|
|
BCWP - BCWS.
|
|
If your Schedule Variance (SV) is a negative number, what does it mean?
|
|
The project is behind schedule.
|
|
What is the formula for Cost Variance (CV)?
|
|
BCWP - ACWP.
|
|
If your Cost Variance (CV) is a negative number, what does it mean?
|
|
The project is over budget.
|
|
What is an Excusable Delay?
|
|
A delay caused by the client; the contractor gets extra time and financial compensation.
|
|
What is an Inexcusable (Culpable) Delay?
|
|
A delay caused by the contractor; no extra time, no extra money, and potential penalties apply.
|
|
What is a Neutral Delay?
|
|
An "Act of God" (like extreme weather); the contractor gets an Extension of Time (EOT) but no extra money.
|
|
What does EOT stand for?
|
|
Extension of Time.
|
|
What visual tool is used to trace a problem backward to its fundamental root cause?
|
|
Fault Tree Analysis.
|
|
Traditional scheduling focuses on what "should" be done. What does Lean Collaborative Planning focus on?
|
|
What "can" be done by removing constraints early.
|
|
In the Last Planner System, who are the "Last Planners"?
|
|
The people at the workface making daily/weekly decisions (foremen, trade supervisors, subcontractors).
|
|
What is the primary goal of the Last Planner System?
|
|
To make reliable short-term commitments and stabilize the workflow.
|
|
What is a "Top-Down" or "Single-Rate" estimating method?
|
|
A quick estimating method used in early stages when detail is low.
|
|
What is the Unit of Accommodation Method?
|
|
A single-rate method that multiplies the cost of one functional unit (like a student bedroom) by the total number needed.
|
|
What is an Elemental Cost Plan?
|
|
A multi-rate method that breaks down building costs by major physical components (elements).
|
|
Name the three major building elements that usually make up 80% of a project's cost.
|
|
Structure, Envelope, and MEP Services (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing).
|
|
What is the definition of Value Engineering (VE)?
|
|
: A systematic method to improve the "value" of a project by analyzing the function of its elements.
|
|
How must a "Function" be described in VE?
|
|
As an active Verb + Noun (e.g., "Support Building", "Exclude Weather").
|
|
What is the formula for calculating the Value Index (VI)?
|
|
Cost ÷ Worth.
|
|
What does a Value Index (VI) greater than 1.20 indicate?
|
|
The element costs over 20% more than its functional worth, making it a prime candidate for VE.
|
|
What is the Pareto Principle in construction estimating?
|
|
The 80/20 rule; roughly 80% of project costs are tied up in just 20% of the building's elements.
|
|
Name two sustainability/programme benefits of switching a concrete frame to a timber frame.
|
|
Lower embodied carbon and faster on-site erection.
|
|
What are the three core steps of Risk Management?
|
|
Risk Identification, Risk Analysis, and Risk Response.
|
|
What is Risk Avoidance?
|
|
Eliminating the risk entirely by changing the project plan or design.
|
|
What is Risk Transfer?
|
|
Shifting the financial impact of the risk to a third party (e.g., using a fixed-price contract or insurance).
|
|
What is Risk Mitigation?
|
|
Taking active steps to reduce either the probability or the impact of a risk
|
|
What is Risk Acceptance?
|
|
Acknowledging the risk and setting aside a contingency fund to pay for it if it happens.
|
|
According to NRM1, how should a project manager determine the size of a contingency fund?
|
|
Through systematic risk analysis, rather than just adding an arbitrary flat percentage.
|
|
What does a "Design Development Risk" allowance cover?
|
|
Costs arising from incomplete design information or coordination gaps.
|
|
What does a "Construction Risk" allowance cover?
|
|
Costs arising from site conditions, weather, and poor productivity.
|
|
What does an "Employer Change Risk" allowance cover?
|
|
Costs arising from potential scope changes requested by the client during construction.
|
|
What does EMV stand for in risk analysis?
|
|
Expected Monetary Value.
|
|
What is the formula for calculating Expected Monetary Value (EMV)?
|
|
Probability (%) × Impact Cost.
|
