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Classes of Particles

Here is a quiz to test your knowledge on what makes up everything
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LIAMAD
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Last updated: February 1, 2026
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First submittedFebruary 1, 2026
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Average score42.9%
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Neutral Charge discovered by Chadwick
Neutrons
Particles made of quarks and affected by the strong nuclear force, mainly baryons and mesons and are colorless
Hadron
Negative charge discovered by Thomson
Electron
Positive charge discovered by Rutherford
Proton
Fundamental fermions that come in six flavors with fractional electric charges and combine to form mesons and baryons. The discovery of the very massive top quark confirmed a key prediction of the Standard Model.
Quark
Integer spin and are not restricted by the Pauli Exclusion Principle, allowing them to share quantum states. Composite particles can be bosons if their total spin is integral.
Boson
Half-integer spin and are subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, meaning no two can occupy the same quantum state. Their name honors physicist Enrico Fermi.
Fermion
Were an early concept describing the internal structure of hadrons before quarks were accepted. They are now understood to have been quarks, so the term is mostly historical.
Partons
Usually measured in MeV using Einstein’s equation E = mc^2 which converts energy into mass. Particle charges are expressed in units of the fundamental electric charge.
Particle mass
Composite fermions made of three quarks, such as protons and neutrons. Each baryon must contain one quark of each color so that it is colorless overall.
Baryon
Carry the strong nuclear force and bind quarks together inside hadrons. They are massless, uncharged, and possess color.
Gluons
Composite bosons made of a quark and an antiquark and are always colorless. More complex combinations like tetraquarks exist but are rare.
Meson
Fundamental particles that come in six types, including three charged particles and three nearly massless, neutral neutrinos.
Lepton
Fundamental particles that carry the forces of nature, such as photons for electromagnetism and gluons for the strong force. Each force is mediated by its own type of gauge boson.
Gauge Bosons
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