Challenging Questions about Heredity 2 - Statistics

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Question	Answer	% Correct
In peas, yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y), and round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r). What is the probability of producing a green, wrinkled offspring from a cross YyRr × Yyrr?	1/8	0%
A monohybrid cross is performed between two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa). Which Punnett square result correctly represents the expected genotypic ratio?	1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa	0%
If a DNA sample contains 20% adenine, what percentage of cytosine is expected?	30%	0%
In a dihybrid cross AaBb × AaBb, assuming independent assortment, what fraction of offspring are expected to be heterozygous for both traits?	4/16	0%
A cross produces 75% dominant phenotype and 25% recessive phenotype offspring. Which parental genotypes are most consistent with this data?	Aa × Aa	0%
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?	Anaphase	0%
What is the correct first step in preparing a human karyotype?	Arresting cells in metaphase	0%
A trait appears in every generation and affects males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?	Autosomal dominant	0%
Which abnormality would most likely be detected using karyotype analysis?	Chromosomal translocation	0%
Why are cells arrested in metaphase for karyotyping?	Chromosomes are most condensed	0%
Chargaff’s rules support which structural feature of DNA?	Complementary base pairing	0%
Which process increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes?	Crossing over	0%
25. Which enzyme synthesizes new DNA strands during elongation?	DNA polymerase	0%
How does metaphase I of meiosis differ from metaphase of mitosis?	Homologous chromosomes line up as pairs	0%
A heterozygous individual shows an intermediate phenotype between two homozygotes. Which inheritance pattern best explains this observation, and which Mendelian law does it violate?	Incomplete dominance; Law of Dominance	0%
Which structure attaches chromosomes to spindle fibers?	Kinetochore	0%
Two genes located close together on the same chromosome are inherited together more often than expected. This phenomenon violates which Mendelian principle?	Law of Independent Assortment	0%
A karyotype labeled 46,XY indicates:	Male with normal chromosome number	0%
A cross involving recessive epistasis produces a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:4. What does this ratio indicate?	One gene masking the expression of another	0%
DNA strands run antiparallel because:	One strand runs 5′→3′ and the other 3′→5′	0%
Which components form the backbone of a DNA molecule?	Phosphate and sugar	0%
Synapsis and crossing over occur during which stage of meiosis?	Prophase I	0%
In Labrador retrievers, coat color is determined by two genes: B/b and E/e. Dogs with genotype ee are yellow regardless of B/b genotype. This is an example of:	Recessive epistasis	0%
A karyotype showing three copies of chromosome 21 indicates:	Trisomy 21	0%
A pedigree shows affected males, no affected females, and transmission from carrier mothers to sons. Which inheritance pattern fits best?	X-linked recessive	0%

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