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Question
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Answer
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Before Land Reform (1949)
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Only 10-15% farmers rented their land
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Land Reform (1950-51)
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By end of 1951, 10 million landlords had lost land
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By end of 1951, 40% of land had been redistributed to 60% of population
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Land Reform participation (1950-51)
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88% households had taken part
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Agricultural production (1950-52) - land reform
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Increased by 15% per annum
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Land reform deaths
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Official figures at 700,000 but could have been as high as 3 million
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MAT system (1952)
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By 1952, around 40% of all peasant households belonged to a MAT
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APC system (1955)
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Only 14% rural households in APCs by March 1955
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APC system (1956)
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17 million households in APCs in July 1955 to 75 million by Jan 1956
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APC involvement
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96% peasant farmers in APC by Dec 1956
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Higher liver APC system (1956)
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By end of 1956, 88% peasants in higher level APC
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Grain production (1953/54)
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The FFYP assumed 23% increase in agricultural production
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In 1953 and 1954 production only risen by less then 2%
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Consequence of collectivisation - food production
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Increased by 3.8% per annum
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Consequences of collectivisation - grain production
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Rose only 1% in 1957
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Sputnik (Henan province commune)
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Merged 27 collectives bring 9000 households under its control
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Communes
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750,000 collectives merged into 26,000 communes
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Households in communes
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120 million
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Women working in communes
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90% women laboured in agriculture between 1958-59
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Commune success - harvest
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Mao declared 430 million tonnes of grain harvested
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Revised to 375 million before being made public (real figure probably 200 million)
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Inflation rate (1949)
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1000%
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Inflation rate (1951)
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15%
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Soviet expert help (FFYP)
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10,000 civilian technicians came
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Soviet monetary help (FFYP)
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Russian agreed to lend China $300 million
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Soviet construction help (FFYP)
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156 major industrial enterprises
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24 electrical power stations
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63 machinery plants
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Chinese technicians helped (FFYP)
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Russia invited 28,000 Chinese technicians to study in Russia
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Grain procurement (1953)
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State planned to procure 22 million tonnes of grain in 1953
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Industrial output (FFYP)
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Grew 18% per annum
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Industrial working class (FFYP)
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Grew from 6 to 10 million
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Anshan steel centre (FFYP)
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Attracted 35,000 workers
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By 1957, was producing 2/3 China's steel
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Agricultural output (FFYP)
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Grew by only 2.1% per year
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Steel production (1952-57)
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1952: 1.3 million tonnes
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1957: 5.2 million tonnes
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Electrical power (1952-57)
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1952: 7.2 million kWh
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1957: 19.3 million kWh
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Urban population (1949-57)
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1952: 57 million
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1957: 100 million
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Education (FFYP)
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1957: less than 1/2 children under 16 in full-time education
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How many party members were peasants? (1950s)
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70%
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Steel target for 1958
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Raised to 10.7 million tonnes in September
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Water conservancy campaign
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100 million peasants involved
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backyard furnaces campaign production
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By Sep 1958, 14% steel came from local furnaces and by Oct 49%
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Backyard furnaces campaign involvement
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At its peak, reckoned that 25% of population had abandoned normal actives to take part in
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Coal production (GLF)
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1957: 131 million
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1959: 290 million
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1964: 200 million
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Industrial production (GLF)
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By 1962, industrial production had declined by 40% of 1958 level
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Rural death rate - great famine
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By 1960, 28.68 people per 1000 inhabitants ( 11.07 before)
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The Great Famine deaths
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20-50 million
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Tibet deaths in Great Famine
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25% of population wiped out
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Shandong deaths in Great Famine
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7.5 million
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Anhui deaths in Great Famine
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8 million
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Henan, Hubei, Gansu, Sichuan deaths in Great Famine
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9 million
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Drought during Great Famine
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8/12 main rivers in Shaunhdong dried up
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Weather conditions during the Great Famine
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Over 60% cultivated land affected by flood or drought
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2 million died from drowning or starvation from destroyed crops
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State procurement of grain (1957-59)
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1957: 17%
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1959: 28%
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Grain production (1952-61) - GLF consequence
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1952: 163 million tonnes
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1958: 200 million tonnes
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1960: 147 million tonnes
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Meat production (1952-61) - GLF consequence
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1952: 3.4 million tonnes
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1958: 4.3 million tonnes
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1961: 1.2 million tonnes
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Grain production - Third Five Year Plan consequence
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1960: 147 million tonnes
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1965: 200 million tonnes
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Industrial growth - Third Five Year Plan consequence
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11% annually
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Third Five Year Plan - urban population
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25 million urban population forced to move to countryside
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How many cadres at conference in Jan 1962?
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7000
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Industrial production (Third Five Year Plan)
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Light industry: 27% annual growth
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Heavy industry: 17% annual growth
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Consumer goods production (TFYP)
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Consumer good production was double 1957 level
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Han Chinese Migration to Tibet
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7 million forced to migrate
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Maos swim in Yangtze (July 1966)
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Claimed he swam 9 millions in 65 minutes
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