, alchemist - pioneer of medicine, father of toxicology (1494-1541)
Astronomer, mathematician - discovered the laws by which planets move around the sun (1571-1630)
Mathematician - Developed the infinitesimal calculus and the dual system (1646-1716)
Physicist - Developed a unit of temperature (1686-1736)
Mathematician - founder of graph theory and topology (1707-1783)
Astronomer - Discovered the planet Uranus (1738-1822)
Mathematician and astronomer - Developed the magnometer, Princeps mathematicorum (1777-1855)
Optician - telescope builder, namesake of a research society (1787-1826)
Physicist - pioneer of electrodynamics, electrical resistance (1789-1854)
Chemist - founder of agrochemistry, developed chloroform (1803-1873)
Discovered cesium and rubidium, developed spectral analysis, perfected the Bunsen burner (1811-1899)
Electrical Engineer - Discovered the Electrodynamic Principle (1816-1892)
Surgeon - succeeded in proving that hygiene can contain disease (1818-1865)
Founded modern genetics, established rules of heredity (1822-1884)
Engineer - Developed a process that is the basis of today's refrigerators (1842-1934)
Physician, bacteriologist - Discovered the tuberculosis pathogen, Nobel Prize in Medicine (1843-1910)
Physicist - Discovered X-rays, Nobel Prize in Physics (1845-1923)
Diagnosed blood diseases, chemotherapy, serum research, Nobel Prize in Medicine (1854-1915)
Immunologist - founder of blood serum therapy, Nobel Prize in Medicine (1854-1917)
Physicist - discoverer of electromagnetic waves (1857-1894)
Founder of quantum physics, Nobel Prize in Physics (1858-1947)
Founder of formalism in mathematics, 23 Mathematical Problems (1862-1943)
Psychiatrist and neuropathologist - described Alzheimer's disease (1864-1915)
Co-developed the Haber-Bosch process, father of the gas war, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1868-1934)
Co-developed the Haber-Bosch process, high-pressure technology, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1874-1940)
Physicist - Helped discover nuclear fission (1878-1968)
Physicist - theory of relativity, laws of the photoelectric effect (1879-1955)
Chemist - discoverer of nuclear fission, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1879-1968)
Physicist - contributions to quantum mechanics, Nobel Prize in Physics (1882-1970)
Contributions to quantum mechanics, Nobel Prize in Physics (1900-1958)
Founder of quantum mechanics, uncertainty principle - Nobel Prize in Physics (1901-1976)
Rocket engineer - developed first liquid-fuel rocket V2 (1912-1977)