WJEC GCSE Sociology - Key Thinkers (Education)

Which key thinkers are responsible for these theories? Note: some of these theorists are not listed in the specification - but they are very useful for getting those top grades!
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Last updated: May 5, 2026
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First submittedMay 5, 2026
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Schools create social solidarity by transmitting shared norms + values
Émile Durkheim
Schools are meritocratic, where hard work is rewarded
Talcott Parsons
Correspondence theory - Schools mirror the workplace with hierarchy and obedience to authority
Bowles + Gintis
"Learning to labour" study on anti-school subcultures in the working class
Paul Willis
"Beachside Comprehensive" study on setting, streaming and banding
Stephen Ball
Labelling + self-fulfilling prophecy and their effects on educational achievement
David Hargreaves
Boys' domination of space and how education reproduces the patriarchy
Becky Francis
Changing aspirations of women and girls and how this affects achievement
Sue Sharpe
Social class and material factors affecting educational achievement
Halsey
Ideas about cultural capital and social class
Pierre Bourdieu
Restricted and elaborated speech codes and social class
Basil Bernstein
Working-class subculture; fatalism, collectivism, instant gratification and present-time orientation
Barry Sugarman
Parents' involvement in their children's education
Diane Reay
Crisis of masculinity affecting working-class boys' attainment
Mitsos + Browne
Gendered subject choices
Murphy + Williams
Claimed that language used in Black American homes makes them unsuited for a school environment
Bereiter + Engellman
Asian families and "tiger parenting" effecting achievement
Driver + Ballard
The "ethnocentric curriculum" and marginalisation of ethnic minority students
Troyna + Williams
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