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An August 1990 treaty between the GDR and FRG unifying them into a single FRG with a united Berlin as its capital, adopted into the Basic Law on 3rd October, abolishing the GDR
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German Unification Treaty
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A series of thirteen war crimes trials conducted by the Allies to try and convict Nazis, 22 being tried in the first trial of whom half were executed
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Nuremberg Trials
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That of the FRG which from 1949 to 1955 was limited by the fact that West Berlin remained militarily occupied, the Ruhr was under the control of the International Ruhr Commission (until 1952), foreign affairs were run by the Allied High Commission, and all legislation had to be approved by the Western Allies
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Sovereignty
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A term used to describe the reduction in tensions between the USA and USSR following the FRG's Moscow Treaty in 1970 and the 1971 Four Powers Agreement reconfirming the rights and responsibilities of the Four Powers in Berlin
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Détente
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That which many were opposed to both domestically and internationally by early 1989 as it threatened the careful balance of power built up since 1945 and particularly since the 1970's détente
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German Reunification
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Those three countries which did not intervene to save the GDR despite their opposition to German reunification due to being either politically or economically unable to provide the vast loans necessary
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France, UK, and USSR
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A November 1989 plan issued by Helmut Kohl (partly to improve the CDU's dismal polling performance) without consulting the FRG's allies or his ministers, to achieve stable and peaceful long-lasting German reunification
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Kohl's Ten Point Plan
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The country which dismantled its border fence with Austria in April 1989 (largely a symbolic move by the reformist government) encouraging thousands of GDR citizens to enter the country as a pretext for going on holiday in order to get to the West, something the country explicitly allowed in September to alleviate pressure from the growing number of refugees (25,000 having fled by the end of the month)
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Hungary
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The official East German SED newspaper which branded GDR refugees as immoral people removing themselves from society
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Neues Deutschland
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A legally binding treaty between the FRG and Western Allies in 1955 which mostly restored sovereignty to the FRG as the only legal successor of the German Reich
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General Treaty
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That which arose between West and East Germany after reunification due to West German resentment at higher taxes to regenerate the East, East German reminiscence of job security and social welfare, and continuing East-West inequality
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Tensions
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That the fall of which harmed the GDR's economy as it now had to compete with the much more advanced FRG
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Berlin Wall
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A peoples party, such as the CDU or SPD under the Godesberg Program of 1959, seeking to represent all interest via moderate policies, entering government as part of a grand coalition of the first time in 1966 under Willy Brandt
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Volkspartei
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Leader of the GDR from 1971 to 1989 who increased oppression against change, being a fierce opponent of Gorbachev's reforms (using propaganda to attack him), emphasising the GDR's position as the strongest economy in the Eastern Bloc
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Erich Honecker
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Peaceful anti-GDR protests centred on Leipzig which attracted tens of thousands of people causing Honecker to order the army and Stasi to intervene, aborted due to Soviet refusal to offer support, leading to Honecker's resignation in October 1989
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Monday Demonstrations
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The GDR's ministry for state security which developed extensive surveillance with a large network of informants used as much to influence behaviour as an enforcer, its headquarters being stormed by protesters in January 1990, the GDR losing a key component of its hold on power
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Stasi
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Leader of the SPD from 1952 to 1963 whose lack of coherent leadership or reform led to a period of decline and electoral defeats for the party, notably in 1953 and 1957
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Erich Ollenhauser
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Willy Brandt's 'Eastern Policy' in which relation with the GDR and Eastern Bloc were normalised in an implicit effort to encourage cultural and commercial exchange between the two Germany's, undermining the communist regime in the long run
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Ostpolitik
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Leader of the GDR from October to December 1989 who (though continuing anti-Western propaganda) tried to appease protesters (1m in East Berlin on 4th November alone) by reorganising the leadership and easing travel restrictions, only encouraging protesters further
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Egon Krenz
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That group whose support for the CDU was so crucial in establishing its popularity as they formed 45% of the FRG population, many Protestants being in the GDR
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Catholics
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