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Question or Term
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Answer
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The two key parties that formed in West Germany in 1945 alphabetically, the former being an amalgamation of former liberal and conservative parties with many former members of the re-established Centre Party, and the latter a party refounded much in the same form as when dissolved
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Christian Democratic Union and Social Democratic Party
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Leader of the GDR from October to December 1989 who (though continuing anti-Western propaganda) tried to appease protesters (1m in East Berlin on 4th November alone) by reorganising the leadership and easing travel restrictions, only encouraging protesters further
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Egon Krenz
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That election narrowly lost by the SPD due to popular fears of socialism and communism, the success of the market economy in Bizonia, alienation of Catholics, and the ill health of Kurt Schumacher due to a decade of imprisonment in Dachau
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1949 Election
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The year in which the Federal Republic of Germany joined NATO and introduced compulsory military service (with the alternative option of civilian or honorary (civil protection) service for those that objected) with popular if not SPD or Church support
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1955
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Peaceful anti-GDR protests centred on Leipzig which attracted tens of thousands of people causing Honecker to order the army and Stasi to intervene, aborted due to Soviet refusal to offer support, leading to Honecker's resignation in October 1989
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Monday Demonstrations
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That country the principal problems in which by 1989 were that it had a low standing of living compared to the FRG (though the highest in the East), economic inequality particularly between the general public and government and Stasi members, and economic problems causing low investment and falling real wages
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German Democratic Republic
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That individual whose unrelenting hard-line attitude - unsuccessfully calling on direct Soviet military intervention - accelerated the collapse of the GDR
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Erich Honecker
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The charismatic 'right-wing' SPD mayor of West Berlin who helped revitalise the party and unite it around the Godesberg Program in 1959, though not becoming leader until 1964
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Willy Brandt
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The year from which the GDR tried to restrict travel by trusting that as people with Western connections died, the desire to travel would decrease, helped by tight restrictions on leaving for 'urgent reasons', Stasi threats to families of those who left, and professional discrimination or even imprisonment of those who applied to emigrate
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1972
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A neo-Nazi party banned in 1952, a month before the FRG agreed to pay 3 billion marks compensation to Israel for the Holocaust
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Socialist Reich Party
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He who called the March 1990 GDR elections in a desperate attempt to save the political system
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Hans Modrow
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A 1972 treaty in which the FRG recognised the existing borders of the GDR and each accepted the other's sovereignty
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Basic Treaty
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Leader of the USSR from 1985-91 who instituted policies of Glasnost and Perestroika to ensure the USSR remained a strong and viable state, while also pursuing better relations with the FRG, indicating to the SED that the USSR would no longer favour the GDR
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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That the legal justification for which was that the GDR was under Soviet control and thus did not meet the level of statehood, while acceptance of the GDR would constitute acceptance of German division, perhaps in perpetuity, a violation of the Constitution and General Treaty
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Hallstein Doctrine
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Those two countries which refugees traveled through on their way to the FRG after the GDR banned travel to Hungary in September 1989, 9,000 leaving every day by the end of November, alphabetically
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Czechoslovakia and Poland
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An August 1990 treaty between the GDR and FRG unifying them into a single FRG with a united Berlin as its capital, adopted into the Basic Law on 3rd October, abolishing the GDR
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German Unification Treaty
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The four principles on which the Basic Law were based, alphabetically
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Federalism, Popular Democracy, Rule of Law, Social Welfare
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The heavily patrolled and restricted border between Eastern and Western Europe, effectively breached by Hungary in 1989
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Iron Curtain
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The democracy formed in 1949 out of the West and South of Germany, constituting the former British, American, and French occupation zones
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Federal Republic of Germany
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The country which Adenauer pushed for closer relations and ties with, seeing it as crucial for stability, peace, and prosperity in Europe
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France
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