Everyday Memory and Memory Errors (7)

Autobiographical Memory (AM) is memory for specific ___ from our life

AM is comprised of ___ components (e.g. memory of a childhood birthday party might include ___ of the cake, ___ at the party and ___ being played) and ___ components (e.g. memory might also include ___ about when the party occured, where your family was living at the time and general ___ about what usually happens at birthday parties)

Autobiographical memories are multi-___: spatial, emotional and sensory components

What is remembered well? ___ milestones (e.g. graduating from university), highly ___ events (e.g. surviving a car accident), evenst that become significant parts of a person's ___ life (e.g. the evening you met your later life-long partner), ___ points are particularly memorable

Reminiscence bump is the tendency for people to have ___ recollection for events that occurred during their ___ and early ___

Self-image hypothesis: memory is enhanced for events that occur as a person's self-___ or personal ___ is being formed

Cognitive hypothesis: periods of rapid ___ that are followed by ___ cause stronger encoding of memories, e.g. reminiscence bump of people who emigrated in their 30s was at that point

Cultural life script hypothesis: culturally shared ___ structure recall

Memory and Emotion (Classic Study): 1. Showed participants ___ and ___ arousing pictures, 2. People in the stress group immerse their arms in ice water causing release of ___, 3. People in the no-stress group immerse their arms in warm water not causing ___ release, 4. People described the pictures a week later, Results; participants in the stress-condition recalled more of the ___ arousing pictures than the ___ pictures, no significant difference between the two pictures in the no-stress group

Flashbulb memories: memories that occur under highly ___ circumstances, are remembered for ___ periods of time, are not more ___ than other memories

Emotions are associated with ___ memory but emotions can ___ memory for peripheral details (participants more likely said they remembered ___ pictures than ___, however, participants were less likely to correctly name the color of the frame surrounding the ___ pictures they said they could remember than the neutral ones)

___ and media ___ can potentially affect memory for flashbulb events

Narrative rehearsal hypothesis: if rehearsal is the reason for our memories of significant events, then the flashbulb analogy is ___

"War of the ghosts" Experiment (Classic Study): poeple read story about war of the ghosts and had to ___ it as accurately as possible at longer and longer ___, results; reproductions tended to relfect the participant's own ___, created their memories from original story and similar stories in their own ___

Source monitoring is the process of determining the ___ of our memories, knowledge, or beliefs

Cryptoamensia is a mental ___ in which people believe that they have produced a ___ idea when in fact they have simply unwittingly retrieved an ___, previously encountered idea from memory

Primary source of information: the actual event, including perceptual ___, ___ and thoughts that were occuring at the time

Additional sources of information: people's ___ of the world, thing that happened ___ or ___ the event that might become confused with the event

Misinformation Effect: distort memory for past events by adding ___ information

Creating false memories for ___ events in people's lives: participants "___" and described in some detail 20% of the ___ events

The acceptance of eyewitness testimony is based on two assumptions: (1) the eyewitness was able to ___ see what happened, (2) the eyewitness was able to ___ his or her observations and translate them into an accurate ___ of what happened and an accurate ___ of the perpetrator(s)