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Judgement, Reasoning and Decisions (10) - Statistics
General Stats
- This quiz has been taken 1 time
- The average score is 19 of 25
Answer Stats
| Hint | Answer | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
| Syllogism 1 (modus ponenes): A --> B, A, therefore ___, is valid | B | 100%
|
| Inductive reasoning: ___-___ reasoning, from specific observations to broader ____, basis of ___ investigations | bottom, up, generalizations, scientific | 100%
|
| Framing effect: decisions are influenced by how the ___ are ___ | choices, presented | 100%
|
| Validity: syllogism is valid when its ___ follows logically from its two ___, validity is not ___ | conclusion, premises, truth | 100%
|
| Decisions can depend on the ___ within which they are made | context | 100%
|
| Illusory correlation: strong ___ between two events appears to exist but ___ | correlation, doesn't | 100%
|
| Sadder-but-wiser hypothesis: sadness has been found to be associated with careful, deliberate ___ making and a reduction of ___ arising from heuristics | decision, biases | 100%
|
| People inaccurately predict their emotions, think negative outcomes will have ___ negative influence than they actually have / positive outcomes | greater | 100%
|
| Conditional syllogisms have two premises and a conclusion like categorical syllogisms but the first premise has the form ___ ... ___ | if, then | 100%
|
| Incidental emotions affect decision: depending on which movie clip the participants saw (sad vs. disgust vs. neutral) they rated differently the price for which they would be willing to sell a set of highlighter pens (disgust and sadness were willing to sell for ___ than the neutral group) | less | 100%
|
| Syllogism 3: A --> B, B, therefore A, ___ valid | not | 100%
|
| Syllogism 4: A --> B, NOT A, therefoer NOT B, ___ valid | not | 100%
|
| Syllogism 2 (modus tollens): A ---> B, NOT B, therefore ___ ___, is valid | NOT, A | 100%
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| Incidental emotions are ___ ___ by having to make a decision, person's general disposition is something that happened ___ in the day or the general ___ | not caused, earlier, environment | 100%
|
| Heuristics: people use ___ experience to guide ___ behavior, often use shortcuts to help them reach conclusions ___ | past, present, rapidly | 100%
|
| Base rate: relative ___ of different classes in the population | proportions | 100%
|
| Utility theory: people are basically ___; if people have all of the relevant infroamtion, they will make a decision that results in the maximum expected ___ (outcomes that achieve a person's goals), problem; you are more likely to be killed in a car accident than in a plane crash but after 9/11 a decrease in air travel and an increase in driving occured | rational, utility | 100%
|
| Representativeness heuristic: the probability that A is a member of a class B can be determined by how well the properties of A ___ the properties we usually associate with class B | resemble | 100%
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| Deductive reasoning: ___-___ reassoning, from the more general to the more ___ | top, down, specific | 100%
|
| Myside bias: tendency for people to evaluate evidence and test their hypothesis in a way that is ___ towards their own opinions and attitudes | biased | 0%
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| Availabiltiy heuristic: events that are more ___ remembered are judged as being more ___ than events that are less easily ___, can mislead us when less ___ occurring events stand out in our memory | easily, probable, remembered, frequently | 0%
|
| Conclusions we reach with inductive reasoning are ___ - but not ___ - true, a number fo factors can contribute to the strength of an inductive argument: ___ of observations, ___ of observations, ___ of the evidence | probably, definitely, representation, number, quality | 0%
|
| Classic Study: asked participants what they think is more prevalent in English, words that begin with the letter r or words in which the r is the third letter, 70% of participants responded with the former even though false, but those words were easier to ___, creating the false belief that these words are more ___ | remember, common | 0%
|
| Confirmation bias: ___ looking for information that ___ to a hypothesis and ___ information that argues agaisnt it | selectively, conforms, ignoring | 0%
|
| Mental model: specific ___ represented in a person's mind that can be used to help determine the ___ of syllogisms in deductive reasoning | situations, validity | 0%
|
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