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Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine - Statistics
General Stats
- This quiz has been taken 1 time
- The average score is 0 of 234
Answer Stats
| Year | Citation | Nationality | Answer | % Correct |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" | U.K. | Alan Hodgkin | 0%
|
| 1974 | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" | Belgium/U.S. | Albert Claude | 0%
|
| 1937 | "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid" | Hungary | Albert Szent-Györgyi | 0%
|
| 1910 | "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances" | Germany | Albrecht Kossel | 0%
|
| 1945 | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" | U.K. | Alexander Fleming | 0%
|
| 1912 | “in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs” | France | Alexis Carrel | 0%
|
| 1994 | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" | U.S. | Alfred Gilman | 0%
|
| 1969 | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" | U.S. | Alfred Hershey | 0%
|
| 1979 | "for the development of computer assisted tomography" | South Africa/U.S. | Allan Cormack | 0%
|
| 1911 | "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye" | Sweden | Allvar Gullstrand | 0%
|
| 1907 | “in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases” | France | Alphonse Laveran | 0%
|
| 1956 | "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" | France/U.S. | André Cournand | 0%
|
| 1965 | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" | France | André Lwoff | 0%
|
| 2006 | "for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA" | U.S. | Andrew Fire | 0%
|
| 1963 | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" | U.K. | Andrew Huxley | 0%
|
| 1977 | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain" | U.S. | Andrew Schally | 0%
|
| 1949 | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy (lobotomy) in certain psychoses" | Portugal | António Egas Moniz | 0%
|
| 1922 | "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle" | U.K. | Archibald Hill | 0%
|
| 2021 | "for the discovery of receptors for temperature and touch" | Lebanon/U.S. | Ardem Patapoutian | 0%
|
| 1959 | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" | U.S. | Arthur Kornberg | 0%
|
| 2000 | "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" | Sweden | Arvid Carlsson | 0%
|
| 1920 | "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism" | Denmark | August Krogh | 0%
|
| 1983 | "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements" | U.S. | Barbara McClintock | 0%
|
| 2005 | "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease" | Australia | Barry Marshall | 0%
|
| 1976 | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases" | U.S. | Baruch Blumberg | 0%
|
| 1980 | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions" | Venezuela/U.S. | Baruj Benacerraf | 0%
|
| 1982 | "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances" | Sweden | Bengt Samuelsson | 0%
|
| 1970 | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" | West Germany/U.K. | Bernard Katz | 0%
|
| 1947 | "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar" | Argentina | Bernardo Houssay | 0%
|
| 1991 | "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" | Germany | Bert Sakmann | 0%
|
| 2011 | "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" | U.S. | Bruce Beutler | 0%
|
| 1906 | “in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system” | Italy | Camillo Golgi | 0%
|
| 1947 | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" | Czechoslovakia/U.S. | Carl Cori | 0%
|
| 2009 | "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase" | U.S. | Carol Greider | 0%
|
| 1984 | "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies" | Argentina | César Milstein | 0%
|
| 1966 | "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer" | Canada/U.S. | Charles Huggins | 0%
|
| 1928 | "for his work on typhus" | France | Charles Nicolle | 0%
|
| 2020 | "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus" | U.S. | Charles Rice | 0%
|
| 1913 | “in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis” | France | Charles Richet | 0%
|
| 1932 | "for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons" | U.K. | Charles Sherrington | 0%
|
| 1929 | "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin" | Netherlands | Christiaan Eijkman | 0%
|
| 1974 | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" | Belgium | Christian de Duve | 0%
|
| 1995 | "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development" | Germany | Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard | 0%
|
| 1938 | "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration" | Belgium | Corneille Heymans | 0%
|
| 2006 | "for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA" | U.S. | Craig Mello | 0%
|
| 1957 | "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles" | Switzerland/Italy | Daniel Bovet | 0%
|
| 1978 | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" | U.S. | Daniel Nathans | 0%
|
| 1975 | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell" | U.S. | David Baltimore | 0%
|
| 1981 | "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system" | U.S. | David Hubel | 0%
|
| 2021 | "for the discovery of receptors for temperature and touch" | U.S. | David Julius | 0%
|
| 1976 | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases" | U.S. | D. Carleton Gajdusek | 0%
|
| 1956 | "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" | U.S. | Dickinson Richards | 0%
|
| 2023 | "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19" | U.S. | Drew Weissman | 0%
|
| 1971 | "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones" | U.S. | Earl Sutherland | 0%
|
| 1932 | "for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons" | U.K. | Edgar Adrian | 0%
|
| 1992 | "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism" | Switzerland/U.S. | Edmond Fischer | 0%
|
| 1990 | "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease" | U.S. | E. Donnall Thomas | 0%
|
| 2014 | "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" | Norway | Edvard Moser | 0%
|
| 1943 | "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K" | U.S. | Edward Doisy | 0%
|
| 1950 | "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" | U.S. | Edward Kendall | 0%
|
| 1995 | "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development" | U.S. | Edward Lewis | 0%
|
| 1958 | "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" | U.S. | Edward Tatum | 0%
|
| 1992 | "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism" | U.S. | Edwin Krebs | 0%
|
| 1908 | “in recognition of their work on immunity” | Russia | Élie Metchnikoff | 0%
|
| 2009 | "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase" | Australia/U.S. | Elizabeth Blackburn | 0%
|
| 1901 | “for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths” | Germany | Emil von Behring | 0%
|
| 2000 | "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" | Austria/U.S. | Eric Kandel | 0%
|
| 1995 | "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development" | U.S. | Eric Wieschaus | 0%
|
| 1945 | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" | U.K. | Ernst Chain | 0%
|
| 1991 | "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" | Germany | Erwin Neher | 0%
|
| 1964 | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism" | West Germany | Feodor Lynen | 0%
|
| 1998 | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" | U.S. | Ferid Murad | 0%
|
| 1962* | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" | U.K. | Francis Crick | 0%
|
| 2008 | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus" | France | Françoise Barré-Sinoussi | 0%
|
| 1965 | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" | France | François Jacob | 0%
|
| 1960 | "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" | Australia | Frank Macfarlane Burnet | 0%
|
| 1923 | "for the discovery of insulin" | Canada | Frederick Banting | 0%
|
| 1929 | "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins" | U.K. | Frederick Gowland Hopkins | 0%
|
| 1954 | "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" | U.S. | Frederick Robbins | 0%
|
| 2025 | "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance" | U.S. | Fred Ramsdell | 0%
|
| 1953 | "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism" | U.S. | Fritz Lipmann | 0%
|
| 2024 | "for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation" | U.S. | Gary Ruvkun | 0%
|
| 1958 | "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" | U.S. | George Beadle | 0%
|
| 1988 | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment" | U.S. | George Hitchings | 0%
|
| 1984 | "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies" | West Germany | George Köhler | 0%
|
| 1934 | "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" | U.S. | George Minot | 0%
|
| 1974 | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" | Romania/U.S. | George Palade | 0%
|
| 1980 | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions" | U.S. | George Snell | 0%
|
| 1967 | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" | U.S. | George Wald | 0%
|
| 1934 | "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" | U.S. | George Whipple | 0%
|
| 1961 | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea" | Hungary | Georg von Békésy | 0%
|
| 1972 | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies" | U.S. | Gerald Edelman | 0%
|
| 1939 | "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil" | Germany | Gerhard Domagk | 0%
|
| 1988 | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment" | U.S. | Gertrude Elion | 0%
|
| 1947 | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" | Czechoslovakia/U.S. | Gerty Cori | 0%
|
| 1979 | "for the development of computer assisted tomography" | U.K. | Godfrey Hounsfield | 0%
|
| 2019 | "for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" | U.S. | Gregg Semenza | 0%
|
| 1999 | "for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell" | U.S. | Günter Blobel | 0%
|
| 1967 | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" | U.S. | Haldan Hartline | 0%
|
| 1978 | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" | U.S. | Hamilton Smith | 0%
|
| 1953 | "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle" | West Germany/U.K. | Hans Kreb | 0%
|
| 1935* | “for his[/her] discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development” | Germany | Hans Spemann | 0%
|
| 2008 | "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer" | Germany | Harald zur Hausen | 0%
|
| 1968 | "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" | India/U.S. | Har Gobind Khorana | 0%
|
| 1989 | "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes" | U.S. | Harold Varmus | 0%
|
| 2020 | "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus" | U.S. | Harvey Alter | 0%
|
| 1943 | "for his discovery of vitamin K" | Denmark | Henrik Dam | 0%
|
| 1936 | "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" | U.K. | Henry Dale | 0%
|
| 1944 | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" | U.S. | Herbert Gasser | 0%
|
| 1946 | "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation" | U.S. | Hermann Muller | 0%
|
| 1935* | “for his[/her] discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development” | Germany | Hilde Mangold | 0%
|
| 1945 | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" | Australia | Howard Florey | 0%
|
| 1975 | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell" | U.S. | Howard Temin | 0%
|
| 2002 | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" | U.S. | H. Robert Horvitz | 0%
|
| 1955 | "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes" | Sweden | Hugo Theorell | 0%
|
| 1904 | “in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged” | Russia | Ivan Pavlov | 0%
|
| 2009 | "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase" | Canada/U.S. | Jack Szostak | 0%
|
| 1965 | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" | France | Jacques Monod | 0%
|
| 2018 | "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation" | U.S. | James Allison | 0%
|
| 1988 | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment" | U.K. | James Black | 0%
|
| 2013 | "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells" | U.S. | James Rothman | 0%
|
| 1962* | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" | U.S. | James Watson | 0%
|
| 1980 | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions" | France | Jean Dausset | 0%
|
| 2017 | "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm" | U.S. | Jeffrey Hall | 0%
|
| 1989 | "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes" | U.S. | J. Michael Bishop | 0%
|
| 1926 | "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma" | Denmark | Johannes Fibiger | 0%
|
| 1963 | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" | Australia | John Eccles | 0%
|
| 1954 | "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" | U.S. | John Enders | 0%
|
| 2012 | "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent" | U.K. | John Gurdon | 0%
|
| 1923 | "for the discovery of insulin" | U.K. | John Macleod | 0%
|
| 2014 | "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" | U.S./U.K. | John O'Keefe | 0%
|
| 2002 | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" | U.K. | John Sulston | 0%
|
| 1982 | "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances" | U.K. | John Vane | 0%
|
| 1944 | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" | U.S. | Joseph Erlanger | 0%
|
| 1985 | "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" | U.S. | Joseph Goldstein | 0%
|
| 1990 | "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease" | U.S. | Joseph Murray | 0%
|
| 1958 | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria" | U.S. | Joshua Lederberg | 0%
|
| 2005 | "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease" | Australia | J. Robin Warren | 0%
|
| 1919 | "for his discoveries relating to immunity" | Belgium | Jules Bordet | 0%
|
| 2011 | "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" | France | Jules Hoffmann | 0%
|
| 1970 | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" | U.S. | Julius Axelrod | 0%
|
| 1927 | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica" | Austria | Julius Wagner-Jauregg | 0%
|
| 1930 | "for his discovery of human blood groups" | Austria/U.S. | Karl Landsteiner | 0%
|
| 1973 | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns" | Austria | Karl von Frisch | 0%
|
| 2023 | "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19" | Hungary/U.S. | Katalin Karikó | 0%
|
| 1964 | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism" | U.S. | Konrad Bloch | 0%
|
| 1973 | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns" | Austria | Konrad Lorenz | 0%
|
| 2001 | "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" | U.S. | Leland Hartwell | 0%
|
| 2004 | "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" | U.S. | Linda Buck | 0%
|
| 1998 | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" | U.S. | Louis Ignarro | 0%
|
| 2008 | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus" | France | Luc Montagnier | 0%
|
| 2007 | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells." | Italy/U.S. | Mario Capecchi | 0%
|
| 1968 | "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" | U.S. | Marshall Nirenberg | 0%
|
| 2007 | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells." | U.K. | Martin Evans | 0%
|
| 1994 | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" | U.S. | Martin Rodbell | 0%
|
| 2025 | "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance" | U.S. | Mary Brunkow | 0%
|
| 1962* | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" | New Zealand/U.K. | Maurice Wilkins | 0%
|
| 1969 | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" | U.S. | Max Delbrück | 0%
|
| 1951 | "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it" | South Africa/U.S. | Max Theiler | 0%
|
| 2014 | "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" | Norway | May-Britt Moser | 0%
|
| 1985 | "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" | U.S. | Michael Brown | 0%
|
| 2020 | "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus" | U.K. | Michael Houghton | 0%
|
| 2017 | "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm" | U.S. | Michael Rosbash | 0%
|
| 2017 | "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm" | U.S. | Michael Young | 0%
|
| 1903 | “in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science” | Faroe Islands | Niels Finsen | 0%
|
| 1984 | "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies" | Denmark | Niels Jerne | 0%
|
| 1973 | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns" | Netherlands | Nikolaas Tinbergen | 0%
|
| 2007 | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells." | U.K./U.S. | Oliver Smithies | 0%
|
| 1936 | "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" | Germany | Otto Loewi | 0%
|
| 1922 | "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle" | Germany | Otto Meyerhof | 0%
|
| 1931 | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme" | Germany | Otto Warburg | 0%
|
| 1908 | “in recognition of their work on immunity” | Germany | Paul Ehrlich | 0%
|
| 2000 | "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" | U.S. | Paul Greengard | 0%
|
| 2003 | "for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging" | U.S. | Paul Lauterbur | 0%
|
| 1948 | "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods" | Switzerland | Paul Müller | 0%
|
| 2001 | "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" | U.K. | Paul Nurse | 0%
|
| 1996 | "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence" | Australia | Peter Doherty | 0%
|
| 2003 | "for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging" | U.K. | Peter Mansfield | 0%
|
| 1960 | "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" | U.K. | Peter Medawar | 0%
|
| 2019 | "for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" | U.K. | Peter Ratcliffe | 0%
|
| 1966 | "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses" | U.S. | Peyton Rous | 0%
|
| 1950 | "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" | U.S. | Philip Hench | 0%
|
| 1993 | "for their discoveries of split genes" | U.S. | Phillip Sharp | 0%
|
| 1967 | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" | Finland/Sweden | Ragnar Granit | 0%
|
| 2011 | “for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity” | Canada | Ralph Steinman | 0%
|
| 2013 | "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells" | U.S. | Randy Schekman | 0%
|
| 1975 | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell" | Italy/U.S. | Renato Dulbecco | 0%
|
| 2004 | "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" | U.S. | Richard Axel | 0%
|
| 1993 | "for their discoveries of split genes" | U.K. | Richard Roberts | 0%
|
| 1986 | "for their discoveries of growth factors" | Italy | Rita Levi-Montalcini | 0%
|
| 1914 | “for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus” | Austria-Hungary | Robert Bárány | 0%
|
| 2010 | "for the development of in vitro fertilization" | U.K. | Robert Edwards | 0%
|
| 1998 | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" | U.S. | Robert Furchgott | 0%
|
| 1968 | "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" | U.S. | Robert Holley | 0%
|
| 1905 | “for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis” | Germany | Robert Koch | 0%
|
| 1972 | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies" | U.K. | Rodney Porter | 0%
|
| 1977 | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain" | France/U.S. | Roger Guillemin | 0%
|
| 1981 | "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres" | U.S. | Roger Sperry | 0%
|
| 1996 | "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence" | Switzerland | Rolf Zinkernagel | 0%
|
| 1902 | “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it” | U.K. | Ronald Ross | 0%
|
| 1962* | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" | U.K. | Rosalind Franklin | 0%
|
| 1977 | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones" | U.S. | Rosalyn Yalow | 0%
|
| 1969 | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" | Italy/U.S. | Salvador Luria | 0%
|
| 1906 | “in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system” | Spain | Santiago Ramón y Cajal | 0%
|
| 2015 | "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites" | Japan | Satoshi Ōmura | 0%
|
| 1952 | "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis" | U.S. | Selman Waksman | 0%
|
| 1959 | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" | Spain/U.S. | Severo Ochoa | 0%
|
| 2025 | "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance" | Japan | Shimon Sakaguchi | 0%
|
| 2012 | "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent" | Japan | Shinya Yamanaka | 0%
|
| 1986 | "for their discoveries of growth factors" | U.S. | Stanley Cohen | 0%
|
| 1996 | "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection" | U.S. | Stanley Prusiner | 0%
|
| 1982 | "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances" | Sweden | Sune Bergström | 0%
|
| 1987 | "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity" | Japan | Susumu Tonegawa | 0%
|
| 2022 | "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution" | Sweden | Svante Pääbo | 0%
|
| 2002 | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" | South Africa | Sydney Brenner | 0%
|
| 1950 | "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" | Poland/Switzerland | Tadeusz Reichstein | 0%
|
| 2018 | "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation" | Japan | Tasuku Honjo | 0%
|
| 1909 | “for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland” | Switzerland | Theodor Kocher | 0%
|
| 1933 | "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity" | U.S. | Thomas Hunt Morgan | 0%
|
| 2013 | "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells" | Germany/U.S. | Thomas Südhof | 0%
|
| 1954 | "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" | U.S. | Thomas Weller | 0%
|
| 2001 | "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" | U.K. | Tim Hunt | 0%
|
| 1981 | "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system" | Sweden | Torsten Wiesel | 0%
|
| 2015 | "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites" | China | Tu Youyou | 0%
|
| 1970 | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" | Sweden | Ulf von Euler | 0%
|
| 2024 | "for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation" | U.S. | Victor Ambros | 0%
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| 1949 | "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs" | Switzerland | Walter Hess | 0%
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| 1978 | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" | Switzerland | Werner Arber | 0%
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| 1956 | "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" | West Germany | Werner Forssmann | 0%
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| 1924 | "for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram" | Netherlands | Willem Einthoven | 0%
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| 2015 | "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites" | Ireland/U.S. | William Campbell | 0%
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| 2019 | "for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability" | U.S. | William Kaelin | 0%
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| 1934 | "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" | U.S. | William Murphy | 0%
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| 2016 | "for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy" | Japan | Yoshinori Ohsumi | 0%
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