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Genome Structure and Organisation

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DylanJay05
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Last updated: October 10, 2024
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First submittedOctober 10, 2024
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Hint
Answer
Which carbon on both ribose and deoxyribose contains a hydroxy- group?
3'
Which type of bond connects the 3' and 5' carbons of adjacent nucleotides?
Phosphodiester
Which process can a histone undergo in order to tighten its interaction with DNA?
Acetylation
Which group causes the charge in DNA?
Phosphate
What is affected by the looseness of chromatin around histones?
Transcription
Which kind of bond links together nitrogenous base pairs?
Hydrogen
What is the name for nitrogenous bases which have 2 rings?
Purines
What is the name for nitrogenous bases which have 1 ring?
Pyridimines
What is the effect of adding a methyl group to histones on their interaction with DNA?
Loosens
Which groove is used for transcription in DNA?
Major
Which carbon on ribose/deoxyribose bonds to the nitrogenous base pairs?
1'
Which class of enzymes are responsible for the supercoiling of DNA?
Topoisomerase
What is the name for nuclear DNA + proteins?
Chromatin
Which process can happen to areas of dense cystine and guanine to cause inhibition of expression?
Methylation
If you wanted to unwind a supercoil, which type of topoisomerase would you use?
Type 1
What is the overall charge of the linker protein?
Strongly Positive
If you wanted to create a new supercoil, which type of topoisomerase would you use?
Type 2
Which amino acids cause the charge on histones?
Arginine/Lysine
What is the overall charge of a histone?
Positive
What is the letter representing the shorter arm of a chromosome?
Q
What is the linker protein called?
H1
Which type of topoisomerase cleaves 1 strand of the double helix?
Type 1
Which protein does DNA wrap around to form nucleosomes?
Histone
Which carbon on ribose/deoxyribose bonds to a phosphate group?
5'
Which type of topoisomerase cleaves both strands of the double helix?
Type 2
What are areas containing many cystine and guanine bases called?
CPG island
Which supercoiled DNA structure is formed in prokaryotes?
Nucleoid
Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?
Uracil
What is the name for the structure DNA is organised into for cell replication?
Chromosome
How many histone proteins form a nucleosome?
8
What is the letter representing the longer arm of a chromosome?
P
What is the effect of adding 2-3 methyl groups to histones on their interaction with DNA?
Tightens
What is the name for chromatin which is loosely wound around histones?
Euchromatin
What is the overall charge of DNA?
Negative
What is the name for chromatin which is tightly wound around histones?
Heterochromatin
How many base pairs are there roughly for each turn of DNA?
10
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Molecular Genetics
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