Crop phys Exam 3

Calcium deficiency typical example

Bacteria involved in nitrogen fixation

Functional plant unit that includes a node, internode, leaf, and apical meristem

Group of similar cells working together

Signal that initiates nodulation on the plant

Compounds released in strategy 2 for iron uptake

Enzyme that is involved in cell growth/expansion

Specialized membrane proteins that enable plants to absorb essential nutrients

Plant essential nutrient that is involved with the breakdown of nitrogen using nitrogenase

Micronutrients

Macronutrients

Phytohormone responsible for green revolution due to GA adjustments resulting in semidwarf varieties that put more energy into seed production instead of stem growth, resulting in sturdier plants, important in seed germination

Growth in Thompson Seedless grapes, stimulation of barley malting in the beer-brewing industry, increasing sugar yield in sugarcane, Reduce stem length/lodging in wheat, Pix (mepiquat chloride) reduces production of gibberellin in the plant, used in floral crops to control the size of container-grown ornamental plants

Promotes shoot cell division, regulates auxin action and distribution, delays leaf senescence, promotes nutrient movement, involved in the formation of N-fixing nodules in legumes

Regulation of auxin action and distribution

Nitrogenase enzyme is highly sensitive to inhibition by this gas

3 protection mechanisms employed to keep the concentration of O2 in check to prevent from inhibiting N fixation

What approaches do plants use to regulate the concentration of active hormones within a tissue

Breakdown of no longer needed hormones

Synthesized by the embryo, released into the endosperm by the scutellum, diffuse to the aleurone layer, synthesizing alpha-amylase and other hydrolases into the endosperm, starch and other macromolecules broken down, absorbed by the scutellum and transported to growing embryo

Remobilization of nutrients

Ability of cells to change in form and function during plants growth and development

Promotes stem growth while inhibiting root growth, tropism, regulation of developmental effects

High auxin:cytokinin ratio leads to

Low auxin:cytokinin ratio leads to

Balanced auxin:cytokinin ratio leads to

Promotes ripening of climacteric fruits, induces lateral cell expansion, inhibits growth, breaks seed and bud dormancy in some species, promotes elongation growth of submerged aquatic species, induces the formation of roots and root hairs, maintains the hooks of dark-grown seedlings, enhances rate of leaf senescence, acts on the abscission layer

Induction and maintenance of dormancy in seeds, induction of storage protein synthesis in seeds, stomatal closure, promotion of root growth and inhibition of shoot growth under water deficit stress, promotes leaf senescence

Sucrose formation from triose phosphate formed by photosynthesis, sucrose movement across a few cell layers to the vicinity of the sieve elements, apoplastic/symplastic loading

Regulation of the distribution of fixed carbon into various metabolic pathways

Differential distribution of photosynthates within the plant

Regeneration of intermediates in the C3 photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, meets energy needs of the cell

Osmoticum, Essential for oxygen evolving complex of PSII, Activation of tonoplast, regulation of stomatal aperture, may be required for cell division,

Redox system proteins, protein synthesis, chloroplast development, photosynthesis, respiration,

Cell elongation, nucleic acid synthesis, hormone responses, membrane function, pollen germination/tube growth

Enzyme activation, oxygen evolving complex, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism

Enzyme component, enzyme activation, protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, auxin metabolism, DNA replication and gene expression

Redox reactions, copper proteins, carbohydrate/lipid/nitrogen metabolism, lignification, pollen formation and fertilization

Ni-containing enzymes (urease, hydrogenase)

Redox reactions, nitrate reductase, nitrogenase, xanthineoxidase/dehydrogenase

Time frame of N2 fixation after Nod factor recognition