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Hint
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Answer
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Temporary food storage area
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Crop
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Specialized body regions
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Tagmata
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Bottom plate
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Sternum
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Internal tubular element through which air moves
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Trachea
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Insect "blood", plasma with water minerals vitamins proteins and other macromolecules, free moving cells, not involved in oxygen transport
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Hemolymph
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Incomplete metamorphosis
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Hemimetabolous
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The process of eliminating metabolic waste
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Excretion
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|
A cuticular sensory organ, inverted
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Sensillium
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|
No metamorphosis, non-insect hexapods and apterygote insects
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Ametabolous
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Hair-like/spine cuticular extensions
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Setae
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Complete metamorphosis
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Holometabolous
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Gas exchange, absorbing O2 and expelling CO2
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Respiration
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The breakdown of food to extract nutrients and other substances for use by cells for energy, growth, or reproduction
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Digestion
|
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Elongated maxilae that extends by blood pressure
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Proboscis
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Swimming legs, often flattened and hairy
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Natatorial
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Extinct subphylum of Insects
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Trilobita
|
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Stores sperm until needed for egg fertilization
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Spermatheca
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Pumps hemolymph from thorax and abdomen into head
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Dorsal organ
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Vision, detects light
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Photosensilla
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Sclerotized plate of body wall
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Sclerite
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Produce secretions that surround and protect eggs
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Female accessory glands
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Protects digestive cells without inhibiting nutrient absorption
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Peritrophic membrane
|
|
Walking legs, femur and tibia same length
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Grassorial
|
|
Procuticle and Epicuticle
|
Cuticle
|
|
Produces Juvenile Hormone
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Corpora Allata
|
|
Cuticular plates that grind solid food
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Proventriculous
|
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Slender and long form hollow needle with two channels and a sheath
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Stylet
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Corpora Cardiaca releases this to start molting process by activating prothoracic glands to secrete ecdysone
|
PTTH
|
|
Undifferentiated portion of the procuticle
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Endocuticle
|
|
A rubber-like or elastic protein in some insect cuticle
|
Resilia
|
|
Sensory to sample food before ingestion
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Palps
|
|
Locomotion section
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Thorax
|
|
Ingestion, storage, grinding, transport of food to the next region
|
Foregut
|
|
Chewing mouthparts
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Mandibulata
|
|
Chemical stimuli, taste/smell
|
Chemosensilla
|
|
Plate on insect's back
|
Notum
|
|
Absorption of water, salts, essential nutrients prior to feces elimination
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Hindgut
|
|
Certain number of molts and then ends at adult stage
|
Determinate growth
|
|
Chitin microfibers surrounded by matrix of protein
|
Procuticle
|
|
Determines the body form/outcome of the molt, inhibits development of adult characteristics
|
Juvenile Hormone
|
|
Old cuticle remnant, exocuticle and epicuticle
|
Exuvium
|
|
Single layer secretory tissue, produces cuticle layers
|
Epidermis
|
|
Fin tubule that connects to respiring tissue
|
Trachaele
|
|
Can digest polyethelene
|
Plastivore
|
|
Running legs, long and slender
|
Cursorial
|
|
Integument of the insect, external, hardened, cuticular skeleton to which muscles are attached internally, barrier against desiccation, provides structure/support, surface for internal muscle attachment, protection from damage and infection, sensory interface with environment
|
Exoskeleton
|
|
Grasping hair shafts
|
Prehensile
|
|
Seizing prey, enlarged forelegs
|
Raptorial
|
|
Escape from old cuticle
|
Ecdysis
|
|
The formation of new cuticle and shedding of old cuticle
|
Molting
|
|
Moving through soil, large forelegs with claws
|
Fossorial
|
|
Nitrogen containing polysaccharide, repeating units of monosaccharides to form chains, grouped into bundles, bundles aligned parallel to make sheets, deposited at different angles for strength
|
Chitin
|
|
Lower lip
|
Labium
|
|
|
Hint
|
Answer
|
|
Wings develop externally
|
Exoterygote
|
|
Moves food into storage area
|
Esophagous
|
|
Labium of proboscis extend and form membranous lobe
|
Labellum
|
|
Secretions to nourish stored sperm
|
Spermathecal gland
|
|
Beeswax/honey, shellac, dye, silk
|
Commercial products from insects
|
|
Typically stimulates molting
|
Weight
|
|
Seperate waste products to be excreted from nutrients that are returned to "blood"
|
Malpighian tubules
|
|
Seperates body cavity (hemocoel) from integument
|
Basement membrane
|
|
Separation of cuticle from epidermis
|
Apolysis
|
|
No antennae, 4 pairs of legs, 2 body regions/tagmata (cephalothorax, abdomen)
|
Chlicerata
|
|
Winged adult insects
|
Pterygotes
|
|
Pumps/pushes food into gut
|
Pharynx
|
|
Obtain nutrients from decomposing plant/animal biomass
|
Saprophages
|
|
Wings develop internally
|
Endoterygote
|
|
Jaws that cut/macerate food
|
Mandibles
|
|
Innervates mandibles, maxillae, labium
|
Suboesophageal ganglion
|
|
Brain and series of ganglia joined by paired longitudinal nerve cords interconnected network of nerve cells, information processing, behavavior coordination
|
Central nervous system
|
|
Hemolymph fills body cavity, does not travel in veins and arteries
|
Open system
|
|
Non-winged adult insects
|
Apterygotes
|
|
Cement layer protects from abrasion, wax layer creates barrier to water movements
|
Epicuticle
|
|
Relatively abrupt change in body form and physiology between immature and adult stages
|
Metamorphosis
|
|
Challenge of exoskeleton
|
Growth
|
|
Feed on wood
|
Xylophages
|
|
Cross-linked proteins, creating rigid plates, darkens
|
Exocuticle
|
|
Form of insect between molts
|
Instar
|
Centipede: 2 body regions (head, trunk), one pair of antennae, one pair of legs per segment, legs extend laterally Millipede: 2 body regions (head, trunk), one pair antennae, 2 par of legs per segment, legs extend underneath trunk |
Myriapoda
|
|
External opening to tracheal tubes
|
Spiracle
|
|
Upper lip
|
Labrum
|
|
Accessory jaws that assist mandibles in processing food
|
Maxillae
|
|
Soft, flexible cuticle without sclerotization
|
Membrane
|
|
An aggregation of ommatidium, each acting as a single facet of the eye
|
Compound eye
|
|
An individual unit of the eye composed of a lens and receptor cell
|
Ommatidium
|
1. Apolysis 2. Epidermal cells secrete new epicuticle 3. Old endocuticle digested and absorbed 4. Remnant of old cuticle separates/opens along weak line (suture) 5. Ecdysis & Exuvium 6. Expansion 7. Procuticle differentiates into endo- and exo- cuticle |
Molting
|
|
Primary site for enzyme digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
|
Ventriculus
|
|
Digestive and reproduction section
|
Abdomen
|
|
Glossa
|
maxilae and labium form tongue
|
|
Chemicals sent from cells in one part of an organism to cells in another part of the same individual
|
Hormones
|
|
3 pairs of legs, 3 tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen), one pair of antennae
|
Hexapoda
|
|
Body cavity between alimentary canal and integument
|
Hemocoel
|
|
Mechanical stimuli, pressurized, sound/touch/vibrations
|
Mechanosensilla
|
|
Continue molting, no terminal molt
|
Indeterminate growth
|
|
2 body regions (cephalothorax, abdomen), 2 pairs antennae, different amounts of leg pairs for different examples
|
Crustacea
|
|
Simple eye that detects changes in light intensity
|
Oceli
|
|
Side plate
|
Pleuron
|
|
Digestive enzymes secreted, absorption of digestion products
|
Midgut
|
|
Sensory and ingestive body section
|
Head
|
|
Jumping legs, enlarged femur of hindlegs, long femur and tibia
|
Saltatorial
|
|
Innervates eyes, antennae, and labrum, processes signals that arrive from the body
|
Brain
|
|
Light sensitive cells without optical system
|
Dermal detection
|
|
Feed on excrement
|
Coprophages
|
|
Stiffening of the cuticle by cross-linkage of protein chains
|
Sclerotization
|
|
Produce seminal fluid, spermataphore
|
Male accessory glands
|
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