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Hint
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Answer
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Digestive and reproduction section
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Abdomen
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Running legs, long and slender
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Cursorial
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Temporary food storage area
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Crop
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Specialized body regions
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Tagmata
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Obtain nutrients from decomposing plant/animal biomass
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Saprophages
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Digestive enzymes secreted, absorption of digestion products
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Midgut
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An individual unit of the eye composed of a lens and receptor cell
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Ommatidium
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Insect "blood", plasma with water minerals vitamins proteins and other macromolecules, free moving cells, not involved in oxygen transport
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Hemolymph
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Innervates eyes, antennae, and labrum, processes signals that arrive from the body
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Brain
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Vision, detects light
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Photosensilla
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Wings develop externally
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Exoterygote
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External opening to tracheal tubes
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Spiracle
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Mechanical stimuli, pressurized, sound/touch/vibrations
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Mechanosensilla
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Locomotion section
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Thorax
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Sensory and ingestive body section
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Head
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Seperate waste products to be excreted from nutrients that are returned to "blood"
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Malpighian tubules
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Pumps hemolymph from thorax and abdomen into head
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Dorsal organ
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Seizing prey, enlarged forelegs
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Raptorial
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Typically stimulates molting
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Weight
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2 body regions (cephalothorax, abdomen), 2 pairs antennae, different amounts of leg pairs for different examples
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Crustacea
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Cement layer protects from abrasion, wax layer creates barrier to water movements
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Epicuticle
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Protects digestive cells without inhibiting nutrient absorption
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Peritrophic membrane
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Old cuticle remnant, exocuticle and epicuticle
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Exuvium
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Ingestion, storage, grinding, transport of food to the next region
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Foregut
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Side plate
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Pleuron
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Sclerotized plate of body wall
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Sclerite
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Produce seminal fluid, spermataphore
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Male accessory glands
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Corpora Cardiaca releases this to start molting process by activating prothoracic glands to secrete ecdysone
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PTTH
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Upper lip
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Labrum
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Feed on excrement
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Coprophages
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Centipede: 2 body regions (head, trunk), one pair of antennae, one pair of legs per segment, legs extend laterally Millipede: 2 body regions (head, trunk), one pair antennae, 2 par of legs per segment, legs extend underneath trunk |
Myriapoda
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Secretions to nourish stored sperm
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Spermathecal gland
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Jumping legs, enlarged femur of hindlegs, long femur and tibia
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Saltatorial
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Extinct subphylum of Insects
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Trilobita
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Soft, flexible cuticle without sclerotization
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Membrane
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Sensory to sample food before ingestion
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Palps
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Slender and long form hollow needle with two channels and a sheath
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Stylet
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Winged adult insects
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Pterygotes
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Hemolymph fills body cavity, does not travel in veins and arteries
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Open system
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Gas exchange, absorbing O2 and expelling CO2
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Respiration
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Swimming legs, often flattened and hairy
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Natatorial
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No antennae, 4 pairs of legs, 2 body regions/tagmata (cephalothorax, abdomen)
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Chlicerata
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Chitin microfibers surrounded by matrix of protein
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Procuticle
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1. Apolysis 2. Epidermal cells secrete new epicuticle 3. Old endocuticle digested and absorbed 4. Remnant of old cuticle separates/opens along weak line (suture) 5. Ecdysis & Exuvium 6. Expansion 7. Procuticle differentiates into endo- and exo- cuticle |
Molting
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A cuticular sensory organ, inverted
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Sensillium
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Chewing mouthparts
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Mandibulata
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Glossa
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maxilae and labium form tongue
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Walking legs, femur and tibia same length
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Grassorial
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Cross-linked proteins, creating rigid plates, darkens
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Exocuticle
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Seperates body cavity (hemocoel) from integument
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Basement membrane
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Cuticular plates that grind solid food
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Proventriculous
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Absorption of water, salts, essential nutrients prior to feces elimination
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Hindgut
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Chemicals sent from cells in one part of an organism to cells in another part of the same individual
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Hormones
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Fin tubule that connects to respiring tissue
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Trachaele
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Grasping hair shafts
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Prehensile
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Primary site for enzyme digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
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Ventriculus
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Innervates mandibles, maxillae, labium
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Suboesophageal ganglion
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Light sensitive cells without optical system
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Dermal detection
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Elongated maxilae that extends by blood pressure
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Proboscis
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Simple eye that detects changes in light intensity
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Oceli
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Plate on insect's back
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Notum
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Produce secretions that surround and protect eggs
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Female accessory glands
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Determines the body form/outcome of the molt, inhibits development of adult characteristics
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Juvenile Hormone
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Separation of cuticle from epidermis
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Apolysis
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An aggregation of ommatidium, each acting as a single facet of the eye
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Compound eye
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Beeswax/honey, shellac, dye, silk
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Commercial products from insects
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Lower lip
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Labium
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Relatively abrupt change in body form and physiology between immature and adult stages
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Metamorphosis
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Incomplete metamorphosis
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Hemimetabolous
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Brain and series of ganglia joined by paired longitudinal nerve cords interconnected network of nerve cells, information processing, behavavior coordination
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Central nervous system
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Nitrogen containing polysaccharide, repeating units of monosaccharides to form chains, grouped into bundles, bundles aligned parallel to make sheets, deposited at different angles for strength
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Chitin
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Escape from old cuticle
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Ecdysis
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Procuticle and Epicuticle
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Cuticle
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Certain number of molts and then ends at adult stage
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Determinate growth
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Jaws that cut/macerate food
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Mandibles
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Stiffening of the cuticle by cross-linkage of protein chains
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Sclerotization
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Stores sperm until needed for egg fertilization
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Spermatheca
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The process of eliminating metabolic waste
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Excretion
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Pumps/pushes food into gut
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Pharynx
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A rubber-like or elastic protein in some insect cuticle
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Resilia
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Feed on wood
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Xylophages
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Bottom plate
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Sternum
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Integument of the insect, external, hardened, cuticular skeleton to which muscles are attached internally, barrier against desiccation, provides structure/support, surface for internal muscle attachment, protection from damage and infection, sensory interface with environment
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Exoskeleton
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Body cavity between alimentary canal and integument
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Hemocoel
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No metamorphosis, non-insect hexapods and apterygote insects
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Ametabolous
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Continue molting, no terminal molt
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Indeterminate growth
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Challenge of exoskeleton
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Growth
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Internal tubular element through which air moves
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Trachea
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Can digest polyethelene
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Plastivore
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Moves food into storage area
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Esophagous
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Undifferentiated portion of the procuticle
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Endocuticle
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Accessory jaws that assist mandibles in processing food
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Maxillae
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Complete metamorphosis
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Holometabolous
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3 pairs of legs, 3 tagmata (head, thorax, abdomen), one pair of antennae
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Hexapoda
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The formation of new cuticle and shedding of old cuticle
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Molting
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Chemical stimuli, taste/smell
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Chemosensilla
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The breakdown of food to extract nutrients and other substances for use by cells for energy, growth, or reproduction
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Digestion
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Hair-like/spine cuticular extensions
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Setae
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Non-winged adult insects
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Apterygotes
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Labium of proboscis extend and form membranous lobe
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Labellum
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Wings develop internally
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Endoterygote
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Single layer secretory tissue, produces cuticle layers
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Epidermis
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Form of insect between molts
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Instar
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Produces Juvenile Hormone
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Corpora Allata
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Moving through soil, large forelegs with claws
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Fossorial
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