Plant Structures Quiz 4

Hydrophilic plant proteins that accumulate in response to drought stress and cold temps

Compounds with no direct role in plant growth and development but function as defenses against herbivores and infection by microbes, or as attractants for pollinators and seed-dispersing animals and agents of plant-plant competition; include phytoalexins

Linked adaptations of 2 or more organisms

Longitudinal, gas-filled channels that provide a low-resistance pathway for gas to flow to oxygen-limited roots surrounded by water

Willows/poplars/aspens/eucalyptus trees can form symbiosis with both arbuscular/ectomycorrhizal fungi

Heritable chemical modifications to DNA and chromatin, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and acetylation

Protein products that act as elicitors of damage response pathways in plants; recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) located on the cell surface

Leaves, cotyledons, bud scales, and floral parts have very different functions but are all evolutionary modifications of the leaf

Piercing-and-sucking insects that cause physical damage to plant cells

Photobiont with Chlorophyll that occurs throughout the cell

Cause little damage to the epidermis and mesophyll cells; insert their stylet into the phloem sieve tubes of leaves and stems

High-intensity light overwhelms photosynthetic machinery capacity, Antenna complexes become overwhelmed and electrons pool within the system, electrons are diverted to atmospheric O2, generating Reactive Oxygen Species

Intentionally water-stressing plants to allow for them to produce more sugars within fruit, used in grapes

Plants in soil may be contaminated with heavy metals and transported to places where cell processes are disrupted, metal ions can mimic essential nutrients and take their places in essential reactions, ex: aluminum ion concentration in tropical acidic soil, resulting in stunted growth

Evolved more recently, formed by fewer plants (mostly trees); fungal partners belong to either Basidiomycota or Ascomycota, play a role in tree/forest nutrition hartig net around individual cells to coat the root

Cause the most significant damage to plants

Extreme internal tolerance, rare plant adaptation that requires heritable component

A symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms in which one organism benefits without negatively affecting the other

Area (slowed cell division/expansion), Orientation (wilting changes sun-inception angle), Trichomes (densely packed trichomes reflect radiation and reduce evaporation with a vapor layer), cuticle (made up of waxes and hydrocarbons)

Involves the ability to block the uptake of toxic ions, preventing the concentrations from getting high enough to be toxic