Hypo and Hyperthyroidism Quiz

This quiz is for revision of first year Medicine.

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Last updated: January 31, 2024

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Hint

Answer

Which organs are involved in the thyroid's negative feedback loop?

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

In hypothyroidism, are the following high or low? TSH

High

Low

In hyperthyroidism, are the following high or low? TSH

Low

High

What type of antibodies are involved in hypothyroidism?

TPO / thyroid peroxidase

Is the negative feedback loop activated in hypothyroidism?

Name the disease which most commonly causes hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto's disease

Name a less common (<5%) cause of hypothyroidism?

Primary hypothyroidism / atrophic hypothyroidism

In hypothyroidism, the thyroid _____ respond to TSH

cannot

...because the thyroid is _______

damaged

...so TSH _________.

accumulates

In hyperthyroidism, autoimmune ____-acting antibodies

long

...bind to ___ receptors

TSH

...and bind _________.

irreversibly

This means TSH cannot ____

bind

...as receptor sites are ____.

full

Bound antibodies ________ the thyroid

stimulate

...for a _____ period of time.

longer

Is the negative feedback loop activated in hyperthyroidism?

Yes

This has no effect, because the thyroid is being stimulated by ________.

antibodies

Name the disease which most commonly causes hyperthyroidism?

Graves' disease

Name a less common (~15%) cause of hyperthyroidism?

Toxic multinodular goitre

What type/class of antibodies cause hyperthyroidism?

IgG

______ is a key component of thyroxine and its deficiency causes endemic goitres.

Iodine

Hormone and antibody ______ are used to investigate and diagnose hypo and hyperthyroidism.

assays

What imaging technique can be used to investigate the thyroid?

Ultrasound / US / nuclear medicine

Hypothyroidism can lead to elevated lipid levels, true or false?

True

Hypothyroidism can also cause a raised _____ due to inflammation.

ESR

Can hypothyroidism cause a raised CK?

Yes

What is the first line pharmalogical treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Carbimazole

What is a serious potential immune complication of this treatment?

Agranulocytosis / low WBC count

Radioactive ______ can also be given to treat hyperthyroidism

iodine

...which causes _______ thyroid hormone release.

reduced / decreased

This works because the chemical/compound is necessary for ______ of thyroid hormones.

Synthesis / production

Surgery can also be used to treat hyperthyroidism. What is the name for the partial or total surgical removal of the thyroid?

Thyroidectomy

If a patient has their thyroid removed, they will be given a ____-____

life-long

....prescription of ___________.

levothyroxine

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

Thyroxine

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