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Hint
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Answer
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Unit 1 - Islamic Civilizations
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What is belief in one god?
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Monotheism
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Multiple gods?
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Polytheism
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Everything is god?
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Pantheism
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There is no god?
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Atheism
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Who was the Muslim god?
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Allah
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What was the holiest city of Islam?
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Mecca
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What was the holy book of Islam?
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Qur'an
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What was the name for the Muslim system of laws?
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Sharia
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Five pillars of islam! 1.
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Profession of faith
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2. People do this facing Mecca five times a day
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Prayer
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3. Donating a fixed portion of your money to the needy
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Tithing (Charity)
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4. Abstention from food during Ramadan
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Fasting
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5. You must visit Mecca at once in your life
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Pilgrimage (Hajj)
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What was a Muslim political state?
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Caliphate
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Who was the prophet?
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Muhammed
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Who was the first Caliph?
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Abu Bakr
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What was his relation to (the prophet)?
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Father in law / Advisor
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What was the first Caliphate he establishes?
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Rashidun
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What was the next Caliphate? (661 CE)
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Umayyad
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By 711 they had made it all the way to North Africa and to where?
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Spain
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They continued until they were finally stopped by who?
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Gaul (France)
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Their expansion was so successful because they helped exaust which two empires?
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Byzantine
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Persian
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They had superior fighting techniques, including what?
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Cavalry
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They were ____ of other religions
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Tolerant
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Eventually corruption comes and they fade fast. What was the next caliphate formed?
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Abbasid
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And who ruled it?
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Abu Al-Abbas
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Who is no longer the ideal citizen?
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Warriors
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They moved the capital from _____
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Damascus
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to ______.
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Baghdad
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That helps them capitalize on what?
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Trade routes
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Who migrates from central Asia and becomes soldiers for this empire?
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Seljuk Turks
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Eventually they take over. Who finally takes over, in 1258?
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Mongols
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Okay, shifting. By early 700’s Islam is popular in NW India. Which empire collapsed earler?
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Gupta
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It is a chaotic power _____.
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Vacuum
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What was established in late 1100s by Muslim rulers in modern day Afghanistan?
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Delhi Sultanate
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What is another name for a Muslim ruler?
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Sultan
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They defeated all of the Hindu states and marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India. What was their capital?
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Delhi
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They had far superior fighting techniques, such as...
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Mounted archers
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And infighting from the Hindus. (type okay)
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okay
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What was the name for the social pyramid in India?
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Caste
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Who was at the top?
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Brahmins
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Who were...
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Priests
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Who was next?
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Kshatriyas
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Who were...
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Warriors and rulers
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Who was next?
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Vaisyas
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Who were...
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Skilled traders, merchants, and minor officials
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Who was next?
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Sudras
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Who were...
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Unskilled workers
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Who was next?
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Pariah / "Harijans"
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Who were...
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Outcasts, untouchables, "Children of God"
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Who invaded India in 1398?
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Tamerlane
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What empire did he represent?
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Mongol
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He destroyed the capital and relocated it to where?
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Samarkand
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Hindus were allowed to practice their religion but they had to pay a...
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Poll tax
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Many Hindus converted to...
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Islam
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Because they rejected what system?
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Caste
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What was the empire the Mongols established in India? (Hint: it sounds like Mongol)
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Mughal
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Who was its first leader?
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Babur
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Who was its "greatest" leader?
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Akbar The Great
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He promoted religious ______.
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Tolerance
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He opened government jobs to _____.
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Hindus
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What empire began in Anatolia in ~1300?
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Ottoman Empire
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Who were enslaved Christian children used as elite soldiers?
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Janissaries
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They expanded rapidly thanks to _____.
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Gunpowder
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They are in direct conflict with what empire?
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Byzantine
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They lay siege to what city?
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Constantinople
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This city is essential because it is the bridge between Europe and ____.
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Asia
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What did it eventually get renamed to?
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Istanbul
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The Ottoman empire expanded basically everywhere and got massive. (type okay)
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okay
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They reached their peak under who?
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Suleyman the Magnificent/Lawgiver/Grand Turk
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He was committed to ensuring that ____ were properly enforced.
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Laws
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After he dies, the empire declines significantly. He was succeeded by ...
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Selim II "The Drunk"
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Can you name the three gunpowder empires?
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Ottoman
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Mughal
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Safavid
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The sultan was _____.
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hereditary
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Which means it passes from father to ____.
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Son
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What is a technical term for a sultan?
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Caliph
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What section of the pyramid were Muslims organized into?
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Millets
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What was the top class of the Ottoman society?
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Men of the sword
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what was next?
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Men of the pen
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And next?
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Men of negotiation
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And last?
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Men of the husbandry
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Women could even own what?
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Property
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And they couldn't be forced into _____.
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Marriage
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Unit 2 - Societies of Medieval Africa
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What is the process by which fertile land becomes a desert?
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Desertification
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What peoples migrated to southeast Africa and spread skills in ironworking, farming, and domesticating animals?
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Bantu
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What was the first African Trading Kingdom?
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Nubia/Kush (know both)
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It was located south of...
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Egypt
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Who invaded them?
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Assyrians
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Eventually they were taken over by...
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Axum
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Who was their king at the time?
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King Ezana
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When Islam was spreading, they remained firmly _____.
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Christian
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Axum fades, but Ethiopia is very well protected thanks to what?
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Mountains
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It is significant because it remained a _____ kingdom throughout history.
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Christian
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Many small east African city-states prospered. Name one.
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Kilwa | Mogadishu | Mombasa
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What was the name of the new blended culture they created?
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Swahili
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What was settled by Bantu nomads?
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Great Zimbabwe
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How was African history passed down?
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Orally
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Most of their history came from...
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Visitors
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Women were usually subordinate to...
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Men
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Societies were strongly based on...
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Family
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What is it called when power is passed down according to the mother’s family?
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Matrilineal
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What was the name of the trade that made West African empires so rich?
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Gold-Salt Trade
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In order, what were the three West African trading empires? (first to last)
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Ghana
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Mali
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Songhai
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Who was the very rich and powerful leader of Mali?
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Mansa Musa
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He was very famous for his massive pilgrimage to _____.
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Mecca
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What city became a center for Islamic learning?
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Timbuktu
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Who was the leader of the Mali empire?
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Sunni Ali
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What is the big desert in the north of Africa?
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Sahara
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What is the term for the emperor of the Mali empire?
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Mansa
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Unit 3 - East and Southeast Asia
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What was the first empire established in China?
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Tang
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They gained more territory through what system?
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Tributary states
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Name one of these.
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Vietnam | Tibet | Korea
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They broke up large land holdings and distributed them to the ______.
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Peasants
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Eventually they lost territory thanks to these things.
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Arab expansion
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High taxes
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Which dynasty comes next?
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Song
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Eventually they were overthrown by who?
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Mongols
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Name one thing that they improved on.
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Economy | Farming methods
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They even issued what?
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Paper money
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Who was the head of the government?
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Emperor
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Who was the top social class?
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Gentry
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They owned ____.
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Land
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Who was next?
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Peasants
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They worked the _____.
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Land
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Who was next?
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Merchants
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Who was bottom?
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Women
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They could not _____.
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Remarry
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What form of writing becomes very popular?
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Poetry
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What is the term for a group of people centered around herding livestock in open areas of land?
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Pastoral
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What is the term for a person who moves around from place to place?
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Nomad
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Who was the first to unify the Mongols?
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Genghis Khan
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What type of bow was the Mongol bow?
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Composite bow
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What is the term for archers on horseback?
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Cavalry
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What kind of relatively unethical warfare did they use really effectively?
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Psychological warfare
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What was Genghis's original name?
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Temujin
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Often times, conquered towns were forced to pay _____ to the Mongols.
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Tribute
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Who was the next emperor?
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Kublai Khan
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What did he built that made him different from his forefather?
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Palace
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They attacked China, united it, and established what dynasty?
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Yuan
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They established the capital city at _____.
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Khanbalik
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Which is later known as _____.
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Beijing
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Where did he try to invade multiple times to complete failure?
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Japan
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They greatly increased trade along where?
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Silk Road
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Kublai only allows who to serve in the military?
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Mongols
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What is the main reason for why the Mongol government fell apart?
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Corruption
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Who defeated them?
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Ming dynasty
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Who was the first group to resist the Mongols?
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Baburs
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What was the name of the trade route that connected China to Europe?
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Silk Road
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Which European traveled to China, and returned to tell many stories about his time there.
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Marco Polo
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China was different than most societies because they held _____ to help move between social classes.
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Exams
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Unit 4 - Europe: States to Empires
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What is the term for when a company has all of the control over a single product?
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Monopoly
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What is a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land owned by nobles?
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Feudalism
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What is the feudal system social pyramid? (From top to bottom)
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King
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Lords/Vassals
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Knights/Vassals
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Peasants/Serfs
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What document is our modern-day Constitution based on?
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Magna Carta
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When rome is sacked in 476 CE, what period does it end?
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Classical
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And what period begins?
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Medieval
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Europe becomes a bunch of small ______.
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Kingdoms
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They are (mostly) governed under the _____ system.
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Feudal
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Who was the first Frankish king?
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Charlemagne
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What empire does he found?
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Carolingian
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He establishes a bridge between Europe and what?
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The Church
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At 450 CE, what peoples migrate from central Europe to England?
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Saxons
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What was the term for Scandanavian warriors who targeted Christian monastaries?
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Vikings
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What did they eventually convert to?
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Christianity
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Name one of the two major cities founded by the Norse
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Kyiv | Dublin
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They serve as what for the Byzantine empire?
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Bodyguards
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Who was the King that united England?
|
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King Alfred the Great
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And what was his son's name? (this may help: Æ)
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Æthelstan
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Who invades from Northern France?
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William the Conquerer
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He brings England under control of the ______.
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Normans
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Who takes the throne next?
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Henry II
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What is the name of the family who will rule for the next 330 years?
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Plantagenet
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The king is put in conflict with what?
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The Church
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back to france: Charlemagne dies -- what happens to his empire?
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It gets divided
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What dynasty is established by Hugh Capet?
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Capetian
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This dynasty maintains close ties with what?
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The Church
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What spread throughout Europe during this time?
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Christianity
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What is the term for the mixing of religions?
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Religious Syncretism
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Authority of who expands during this period?
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The Pope
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What valuable resource did Europeans desperately desire to acqure?
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Spices
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Which Islands were known for their spice production?
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Molucca Islands
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What were they commonly referred to as?
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The Spice Islands
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Portugal begins expanding! By 1415 they capture what North African port?
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Ceuta
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What are the reasons for Prince Henry's travels?
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Find sources of Muslim wealth
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Spread Christianity
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Find a route to Asia
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Who was the first to make it around the Cape of Good Hope?
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Bartholomeu Dias
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Who was the first to make it all the way to India?
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Vasco de Gama
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Who sets sail around the Atlantic to try and reach China from the other side?
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Christopher Columbus
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What did the islands that he reached eventually become known as?
|
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West Indies
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What were his three ships? (in alpahbetical order)
|
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Nina
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Pinta
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Santa Maria
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What is the name of the treaty that split the world in half?
|
|
Treaty of Tordesillas
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Between which two countries?
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Spain
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Portugal
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Who wrote/negotiated the treaty?
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The Pope
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Who set out to reach the Pacific by going south of South America?
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Ferdinand Magellan
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What was strapped to people in the hopes that it would draw the black plague away?
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Chicken
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"So many died that all believed that it was ___________"
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The end of the world
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What was the type of government of Venice?
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Republic
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During the Renaissance the ______ class grew.
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Middle
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This greatly increased the degree of ______ specialization in Europe.
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Working
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What was the Church selling that made people very angry?
|
|
Indulgences
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What did humanists want from the Church?
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Reform
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What religion was founded by Martin Luther?
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Lutheranism
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What invention greatly helped him?
|
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Printing press
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What country was split between Catholics and Lutherans?
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Germany
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What peoples invaded the Ming dynasty from the north?
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Manchu
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What dynasty did they establish?
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Qing
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What was introduced to China by Jesuit missionaries?
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|
Christianity
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The Chinese did not like the Portuguese, so they made them trade only ____ for goods.
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Silver
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They were eventually relegated to ______.
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Macao
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What kind of guns did the Portuguese bring to Japan?
|
|
Matchlock guns
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Eventually, the Portuguese are expelled, which begins what?
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|
Japanese isolation
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Portugal's Pacific empire was mostly made up of what?
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|
Trading posts
|
|
What did the Dutch want gain on the spice trade?
|
|
A monopoly
|
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What kind of company do the Dutch establish?
|
|
A Joint-Stock Company
|
|
What is it called?
|
|
Dutch East India Company
|
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How was it abbreviated?
|
|
VOC
|
|
The Dutch government gives it many rights, including:
|
|
Control the spice trade
|
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Wage war
|
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Make treaties
|
|
Create colonies
|
|
The Dutch and Portuguese fight a war over the Indian Ocean. What important islands were captured by the Dutch?
|
|
Molucca Islands
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|
They took over what outpost in 1641?
|
|
Melaka
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|
The Dutch are even allowed exclusing trading access with who?
|
|
Japan
|
|
Were the dark ages really dark? ;)
|
|
no
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Unit 5 - The Emerging Atlantic World
|
|
What was the name of the people who Columbus first encounters?
|
|
Taino
|
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What year did he make this journey?
|
|
1492
|
|
In what modern-day country does he encounter them?
|
|
The Bahamas
|
|
The Spanish brutally took over the land. They required every indigenous person to give them ____ or be killed.
|
|
Gold
|
|
What is the term for a spanish conquerer?
|
|
Conquistador
|
|
What was the most devastating things that the Spanish brought to the Americas?
|
|
Disease
|
|
What was this time period called?
|
|
The Great Dying
|
|
Although lots of diseases came from Europe to the Americas, what is one that came to Europe?
|
|
Venereal Syphilis
|
|
What was the name of the empire in the Mexico Valley? (what we call them)
|
|
Aztec
|
|
What should we actually call them (what is their alternative name)?
|
|
Mexica
|
|
What was their capital?
|
|
Tenochtitlan
|
|
What was special about it?
|
|
It was built on a lake
|
|
What was their emperor at the time that the Europeans came?
|
|
Moctezuma
|
|
Who was the man who led the battle to conquer the Aztecs?
|
|
Hernan Cortes
|
|
What does the Aztec emperor think that he might be?
|
|
A god
|
|
What did he do with the people that the Aztecs had conquered?
|
|
He allied with them
|
|
The Spanish win the battle and build what modern-day city on the conquered capital?
|
|
Mexico City
|
|
What Incan emperor organized the emprire into four quarters?
|
|
Pachacuti
|
|
Who was the Incan emperor at the time that the Spanish came?
|
|
Atahualpa
|
|
Who was the man who conquered the Inca?
|
|
Francisco Pizarro
|
|
What does he do to the Incan emperor?
|
|
Captures him, and eventually kills him
|
|
What do many native people do to try to ease their suffering from disease?
|
|
Convert to Christianity
|
|
Spain establishes _____ and forces natives to work in them.
|
|
Gold and Silver mines
|
|
What is the term for a valuable crop grown to sell rather than use by the grower?
|
|
Cash crop
|
|
What were three such examples of this in the Americas?
|
|
Sugarcane
|
|
Cotton
|
|
Tobacco
|
|
What is a large area of farmland where many people work and live on?
|
|
Plantation
|
|
What was the name of the trade between Europe, Asia, and the Americas?
|
|
Triangular Trade
|
|
What was the second leg of this trade called?
|
|
Middle Passage
|
|
Unfortunately, slavery is very _______.
|
|
Profitable
|
|
What industry grows due to the demand to make slave ships?
|
|
Shipbuilding
|
|
What were slave ships often referred to as?
|
|
Floating Coffins
|
|
On average, how many of the people on these ships died?
|
|
Half
|
|
What was the term for a Spanish governor of an area in the New World?
|
|
Viceroy
|
|
Colonies are forbidden from trading with any other European powers or colonies. (type okay)
|
|
okay
|
|
What was the right to demand labor from Native Americans in a particular area?
|
|
Encomienda
|
|
There is a hugh emphasis placed on converting natives to _____.
|
|
Christianity
|
|
Who sends back vivid reports of the horrors inflicted upon native peoples?
|
|
Bartolome De Las Casas
|
|
The indigenous population was falling too much, and that created labor shortages. They instead brought in people from Africa. (type okay)
|
|
okay
|
|
They believed that they were...
|
|
Resistant to tropical disease
|
|
They had skills in... (name one)
|
|
Farming | Mining | Metalworking
|
|
What was the term for a community of escaped slaves?
|
|
Maroon community
|
|
What is the term for the spread of people from their original homeland?
|
|
Diaspora
|
|
What was the term for enslaved peoples' children being born into slavery immediately?
|
|
Chattel Slavery
|
|
What was the company run by the English government that had a monopoly on the English slave trade?
|
|
Royal African Company
|
|
Who was at the top of the colonial social pyramid?
|
|
Peninsulares
|
|
Where were these people born?
|
|
Spain
|
|
Who was next?
|
|
Creoles
|
|
Where were they born?
|
|
New Spain
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Where were their parents born?
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Spain
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Who was next?
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Mestizos
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They were half native and half _____.
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|
Spanish
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Who was next?
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|
Native Americans
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Who was last?
|
|
Enslaved Peoples
|
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Due to the Treaty of Tordesillas, what does Portugal get?
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|
Brazil
|
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What is the term for state sponsored pirates?
|
|
Privateers
|
|
What was the term for the exchange of goods and services between Spain and the New World?
|
|
Columbian Exchange
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What were the two important foods that Columbus brings back?
|
|
Potatoes
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|
Corn
|
|
Name an animal introduced to the New World by Europeans.
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|
Cattle | Pigs | Goats | Chickens | Horses | Donkeys
|
|
The world population boomed due to all of the new things coming from the Americas. What happens to Europe's economy at this time?
|
|
Inflation
|
|
What is the term for an economic system in which businesses are owned privately?
|
|
Capitalism
|
|
What were some of the causes of this emerging?
|
|
Expanded trade
|
|
Increased money supply
|
|
Push for overseas empires
|
|
What is the term for someone who takes on financial risk to make profits? (hint: it is very hard to spell)
|
|
Entrepreneur
|
|
What is the term for something that shows net gains or losses from wealth, adapted by Europeans from Arabic culture?
|
|
Bookkeeping
|
|
What was the term for companies which allowed people to pool their resources together for overseas ventures?
|
|
Joint-Stock Companies
|
|
What was the term for the people who shared the profits/losses for these companies?
|
|
Investors
|
|
What is the belief that you must export more goods than you import?
|
|
Mercantilism
|
|
They believed that a nation's wealth could be best measured in its _______.
|
|
Gold & Silver Treasure
|
|
They thought that _____ existed only to benefit their parent country.
|
|
Colonies
|
|
What are some of the policies spearheaded by mercantilism?
|
|
Exploit mineral and timber resources
|
|
Build roads
|
|
Back new industries
|
|
Impose national currencies
|
|
Standard weights and measures
|
|
Imposed tariffs on imported goods
|
|
These policies helped what people grow richer?
|
|
Merchants
|
|
What places grew thanks to these policies?
|
|
Cities
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