Biology Revision - Module 5

When a gene is located on a sex chromosome, usually the X chromosome, affecting inheritance patterns.

A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross.

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, increasing genetic variation.

A type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair.

A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome.

A chart showing the inheritance of a trait over several generations in a family.

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; humans have 22 pairs of autosomes.

The random distribution of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis, contributing to genetic variation.

An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a different allele.

A type of cell division that produces four genetically distinct gametes, each with half the chromosome number.

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or characteristic.

Genes located close together on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.

The genetic makeup of an organism; the combination of alleles for a trait.

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by genotype and environment.

A thread-like structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; found in the nucleus.

A molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.

Patterns of inheritance that follow Gregor Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment.

A change in a single nucleotide in DNA

A pattern of inheritance where both alleles are fully and separately expressed in the phenotype

A genetic cross that examines the inheritance of two different traits simultaneously.

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

An alternative form of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

The specific physical location of a gene on a chromosome.

A pattern of inheritance where the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two alleles.

A change in the structure or number of chromosomes

A genetic cross examining the inheritance of one single trait.

An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present