AQA Chemistry Paper 2 (Triple Topics Only)

produced by cracking long-chain alkenes

general formula: C__H__

not all carbon bonds are occupied by hydrogen: they are ___

term for a family of compounds with the same functional group

functional group: C=C ___ bond

first three

they are ___ reactive than alkanes

have the functional group -OH

first three

formula for the second of these

dissolve in ___ to form a neutral solution

react with ___ to produce hydrogen

burn in air to produce carbon dioxide and ___

can be oxidised to produce ___ ___

react with carboxylic acids to make ___

you can form ethanol by: adding ___ to a sugar solution

keep in a warm place in ___ conditions

can also be produced by an addition reaction of steam with ___, using a catalyst

have a functional group -COOH

ethanoic acid formula

they're ___ acids - don't ionise completely when dissolved in water

dissolve in water to form ___ solutions

react with ___ to produce carbon dioxide

react with alcohols to produce ___ when an acid catalyst is added

ethanoic acid + ethanol -> ___ ___ + water

long chain molecules

made from alkene molecules, only the polymer forms with no other product

made from monomers with two functional groups (eg. ethane diol or hexanedioic acid), has a small molecule byproduct in the reaction

polymer with two functional groups: an amine group and a carboxylic acid group

amine group

carboxylic acid group

these can ___ because an amine group on one molecule will react with a carboxylic acid group on the neighbouring one

a small molecule (___) is formed

large molecule essential for life, found in a double helix structure

monomer for this polymer

the monomer of amino acids forms:

the monomer of sugars forms:

the monomer of nucleotides forms:

flame tests for ___: dip wire loop in acid, heat until the flame burns with no colour, dip in acid again, dip into compound, hold loop in flame

crimson flame

yellow/orange

potassium

calcium

copper

hydroxide precipitates: sample solution placed in test tubes, and a few drops of dilute ___ ___ are added

blue precipitate

green

brown

white

which one forms a white precipitate and also dissolves in excess NaOH?

test for ___ ions: add acid and you will see effervescence

test for sulfate ions: add dilute ___ acid and barium chloride

you will form a ___ precipitate if sulfate ions are present

test for halide ions: add dilute nitric acid then ___ ___ solution

white precipitate: ___ ions

cream precipitate

yellow precipitate

instrumental method you can use to identify an ion

same is placed in a flame, light emitted through spectroscope, ___ ___ unique for each ion is produced

instrumental methods are more accurate, more sensitive (only need tiny sample), and ___

they use a machine to ___ carry out a measurement