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Hint
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Answer
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Direction and size
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Vector
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Size and no specific direction
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Scalar
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Size of a quantity
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Magnitude
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Distance with no change in direction
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Displacement
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A push or a pull on an object
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Force
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A force where to objects must touch each other to interact
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Contact
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Examples:
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Friction
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Air resistance
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Tension
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Non-contact:
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Magnetic
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Electrostatic
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Gravitational
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Newton's third law: When two objects ____
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Interact
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they _____
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Exert
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____ and _______ forces on each other
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equal opposite
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The single effect of multiple forces
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Resultant
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Newton's first law of motion: if the resultant force acting on an object is __:
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0
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If the object is at ____, it remains _______.
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rest stationary
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If the object is in motion, it keeps moving with the same _____
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Velocity
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____-____ diagrams:
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Free-body
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They show the forces acting on an object. Each vector is represented by an _____
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arrow
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The ______ of _____ of an object is the point at which its mass is ___________.
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Centre mass concentrated
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Know how to use a ______ of forces
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Parallelogram
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Know how to use a ______ of forces
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Resolution
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Key conditions for an object to be in equilibrium: _______ _____ is zero
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Resultant force
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The forces have no overall _____ effect
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Turning
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Gradient of a distance-time graph shows ______
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Speed
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Gradient of a speed-time graph shows ______
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Acceleration
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Velocity is _____ in a given ______
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Speed direction
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The area under a velocity-time graph shows ______ (or ________)
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Distance displacement
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By using a ______, you can find the speed/acceleration/rate of change of something on a graph
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Tangent
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Newton's ______ law of motion says that the acceleration of an object:
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Second
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Is _______ to the resultant force on the object
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Proportional
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Is _____ ________ to the mass of the object
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Inversely proportional
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The tendency of an object to stay at rest or continue in uniform motion.
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Inertia
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The ______ of an object, is the force on it due to gravity
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Weight
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The mass of an object depends on the ______ of ______
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Quantity matter
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When an object falls in a ____
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Fluid
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and its speed _______, the resultant force on the object ______
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increases decreases
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Because the ______ force on the object _______, the acceleration of the object _______, because the resultant force _______
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Frictional increases decreases
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Where an object is in ____ ____ and the resultant force on the object is zero
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Free fall
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Meaning of previous
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Terminal velocity
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The stopping distance of a vehicle is broken up into _____ distance
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Braking
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and ______ distance
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Thinking
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Factors affecting stopping distance of a vehicle:
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Speed of vehicle
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Mass of vehicle
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Poorly _______ vehicles
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Maintained
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Adverse ____ conditions
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Road
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Tiredness, _____, or drugs
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Alcohol
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Momentum is a ______ quantity
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Vector
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Symbol for momentum
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p
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Units of momentum
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kg m/s
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When two objects of equal mass and opposite velocity collide, they are both at ____
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Rest
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This is because the total momentum is ______
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Unchanged
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Or _______
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Conserved
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In a _____ system,
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Closed
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The total momentum ______ an event
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Before
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is _____ to the momentum ______ an event
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Equal after
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RPA:
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Conservation of momentum
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An ______ object will return to its original shape when a force is removed from it
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Elastic
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Increase in length from its original
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Extension
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_______'s law:
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Hooke
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The extension of a spring is _______ proportional
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Directly
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If a force is too big, the object may extend more than predicted. It has exceeded its _____ of _______
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Limit proportionality
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Sound waves, water waves are examples of ______ waves
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Mechanical
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These are ______ which travel through a _____
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vibrations medium
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Light waves, radio waves, microwaves are examples are _______ waves
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Electromagnetic
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Where direction of oscillations are parallel to direction of energy transfer
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Longitudinal
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Where oscillations are perpendicular to direction of energy transfer
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Transverse
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The maximum displacement of a wave
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Amplitude
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The bigger the amplitude of the wave, the more _____ the waves carry
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Energy
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The distance between two equivalent points on adjacent waves
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Wavelength
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The number of waves that pass a fixed point every second
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Frequency
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Unit for question above
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Hertz
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The change in direction of a wave when they cross a boundary between one medium and another medium
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Refraction
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EM spectrum:
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Radio
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Microwaves
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Infrared
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Visible light
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Ultraviolet
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X-rays
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Gamma rays
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Speed of light (m/s)
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300 000 000
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Light form ordinary lamps and the sun is called
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White light
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Because it contains ____ colours from the visible light spectrum
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all
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The _____ an object is, the more infrared radiation it will emit
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hotter
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_______ fibres in communication use infrared instead of visible light
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Optical
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This is because infrared is _______ ____ than visible light in glass fibres
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absorbed less
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Remote control handsets for __s
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TV
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Infrared scanners used in _______
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medicine
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They detect _______ in the body
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hotspots
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These (above) can mean the skin below is ________
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Unhealthy
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Infrared ______ to see people in the dark
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Cameras
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Microwaves have a ______ wavelength than radio waves
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Shorter
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They are useful for _______
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Communications
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This is because they can pass through the ______
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Atmosphere
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They can also heat ____
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Food
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They send out waves of the same frequency as the __________ of water
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Resonance
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Radio waves carry TV, radio and _____ _____ signals
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mobile phone
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__________ also uses radio waves for connecting to a mouse or headphones and has a range of __ metres
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Bluetooth 10
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The shorter the wavelength: The more _______ they can carry due to there being more waves in a given time period.
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Information
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The shorter their _____ due to increased absorption from the atmosphere
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Range
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The less they ______ out
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Spread
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An ________ supplies carrier waves to the transmitter in the form of alternating current.
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Oscillator
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The audio signal is supplied to the transmitter where it is used to modulate the carrier waves. The ________ carrier waves are supplied to the transmitter ariel.
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modulated
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The varying alternating current supplied to the ariel causes it to emit radio _____ which carry the audio signal
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Waves
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When the radio waves are absorbed by a receiver _____, an alternating current is induced in the receiver ariel, which causes oscillations in the receiver.
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Ariel
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Optical fibres are more ______ as the signals stay in the fibre
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Secure
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UV waves carry more energy than _____ _____ waves
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Visible light
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UV rays can cause ______....
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Sunburn
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...and skin ______
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Damage
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X-____ are very short wavelength and carry much more energy per second than longer wavelengths
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Rays
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X-rays are produced when ______ or other particles moving at high speeds are ______
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Electrons stopped
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Gamma rays are produced when the _____ in radioactive substances ______
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Nuclei decay
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Gamma has a shorter wavelength than X-rays so can _______ substances more than X-rays can
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Penetrate
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Exposing food to gamma rays can kill __% of disease carrying organisms
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99
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Exposing surgical ______ in plastic wrappers kills an bacteria on them
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Instruments
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X-rays and gamma rays passing through substances can _____ electrons out of atoms
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Knock
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The atoms become ______ because they loose electrons
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Charged
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This process is called _______
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Ionisation
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________ to too many X-rays and gamma rays is dangerous and increases the risk of ______
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Exposure cancer
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High _____ kill living cells and low _____ cause gene mutation and cancerous growth
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Doses
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An X-ray can pass through ____ ______
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Soft tissue
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But they are absorbed by _____, teeth and metal objects which aren't too thin
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Bones
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The parts of the film which the X-rays reach become ______ than other parts
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Darker
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An organ that consists of soft tissue can be filled with a substance called a _____ _____
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Contrast medium
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For example, to obtain a radiograph of a stomach, a patient will be given a _____ meal beforehand
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Barium
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(The element above) is a ____ absorber of X-rays
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Good
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____ plates between the patient and the tube stop X-rays from reaching other parts of the body
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Lead
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The _______ ____received by a person is a measure of how much damage has been done to their body by ionising radiation
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Radiation dose
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The dose depends on: The ____ of radiation used
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Type
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How ____ the body is exposed to it
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Long
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The energy per ______ absorbed by the body from the radiation
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Second
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Radiation dose is measured in _______ (you don't need to know)
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Sieverts
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Everyone is exposed to ________ radiation
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Background
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Like charges ______
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Repel
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Unlike charges ______
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Attract
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Any ____ or _____ object can be magnetised
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Iron steel
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The region around a magnet
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Magnetic field
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Any other magnetic material placed in this space experiences a _____ caused by the first object
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Force
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Iron filing and plotting compasses ______ themselves along magnetic field lines
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Align
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The lines are more ________ at the poles
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Concentrated
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The field lines go from ______ to ______
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North South
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An unmagnetised material can be magnetised by placing it in a ______ ______
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Magnetic field
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The magnetic field is said to ______ magnetism
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Induce
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The force is always _______ whichever end of the bar magnet is closest to the bar magnet
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Attractive
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When an ______ ______ passes along a wire, a magnetic field is set up around the wire
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Electric current
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You can use _____ ____ grip rule
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Right hand
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A _______ is a long coil of insulated wire
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Solenoid
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The magnetic field: Increases in strength when ______ is increased
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Current
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________ its direction when current is _______
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Reverse
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The magnetic field is much _______ than if the wire was straight
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Stronger
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The field lines are _______ to the axis of the solenoid...
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Parallel
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...and they are all in _______ direction
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Uniform
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The field lines outside of a solenoid are like a bar magnet but instead each field line is a _______ ____ as it passes through the solenoid
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Complete loop
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An _________ is a solenoid where the insulated wire is wrapped around an iron core.
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Elecctromagnet
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The magnetic field of the wire _______ the iron bar
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Magnetises
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When the current is _______ off, the iron bar loses most of its magnetism
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Switched
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The ______ effect
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Motor
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Where a force can act on a ____ in a magnetic field when a current is passed through a ____.
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Wire
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The size of the force can be increased by: increasing the _____
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Current
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Using a ______ magnet
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Stronger
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The force is greatest when the wire is _______ to the magnetic field
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Perpendicular
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Zero when the magnetic field lines are _______ to the wire
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Parallel
|
|
Rule used to find the direction of the force
|
|
Flemming's left hand
|
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The magnetic ____ _______is the measure of the strength of the magnetic field
|
|
Flux density
|
|
The symbol is _
|
|
B
|
|
And the unit is (T)
|
|
Tesla
|
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The size of the force on a conductor: The ______ through the conductor
|
|
Current
|
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The ______ of the conductor
|
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Length
|
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The ________ ____ ______ of the magnetic field
|
|
Magnetic flux density
|
|
You need to know how an electric motor works including the _____-____ communicator
|
|
Split-ring
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